有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0053

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 2635-2653.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0053

• 第十三届储能国际峰会暨展览会专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料研究进展

刘涛涛¹(), 张少朋¹, 王艺斐¹^,²(), 林曦鹏¹^,²()

^1.毕节高新技术产业开发区国家能源大规模物理储能技术研发中心，贵州毕节 551700
^2.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 110190

收稿日期:2025-01-14 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者: 王艺斐,林曦鹏 E-mail:2743585592@qq.com;wangyifei@iet.cn;linxipeng05@163.com
作者简介:刘涛涛（1995—），男，硕士，研究方向为相变材料，E-mail：2743585592@qq.com；
基金资助:
贵州省科技计划（黔科合基础-ZK［2023］一般001）;贵州省科研机构创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企［2024］017);毕节市科技计划(毕科合［2023］1号)

Organic porous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review

Taotao LIU¹(), Shaopeng ZHANG¹, Yifei WANG¹^,²(), Xipeng LIN¹^,²()

^1.National Energy Large Scale Physical Energy Storage Technologies R&D Center of Bijie High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Bijie 551700, Guizhou, China
^2.The Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 110190, China

Received:2025-01-14 Revised:2025-02-15 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-07-11
Contact: Yifei WANG, Xipeng LIN E-mail:2743585592@qq.com;wangyifei@iet.cn;linxipeng05@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变材料可逆地储存热能，可以在一定程度上缓解人们对能源消耗的担忧。基于相变材料的储热技术在温度调节和热能存储应用方面具有重要的潜力。然而，传统相变材料存在热导率低、固液相变过程会产生泄漏和功能单一等缺点，阻碍了其更广泛的发展和应用。有机多孔定形材料主要有生物质基和聚合物基多孔材料，可以作为构建形状稳定的复合相变材料的支撑材料，作为封装相变材料时与其他的功能材料复合，可制备形状稳定且具有多功能的复合相变材料，有效地解决相变储热领域的这些问题。本文首先阐述了生物质基和聚合物基多孔定形复合相变储热材料的物理共混、真空浸渍、化学接枝和静电纺丝4种制备方法，并比较了各自的优缺点。然后重点综述了通过直接复合和功能化复合的方式制备有机多孔定形复合相变材料以克服相变材料缺点的最新研究进展，并总结了相变材料和有机多孔定形材料复合后的热学性能。此外，介绍了有机多孔定形复合相变材料在太阳能储存、工业余热、智能建筑、可穿戴织物、电子设备和生物医学领域的典型应用。最后，强调了有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料在研究中存在的一些挑战，为开发新型和综合性能优异的复合相变材料提供更多的研究思路。

关键词: 相变材料, 有机多孔定形材料, 复合材料, 热能存储

Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) can alleviate energy concerns to some extent via reversible storage of thermal energy. PCM-based heat accumulation technology holds significant potential for temperature regulation and thermal storage applications. However, their wider development and application are limited by deficiencies such as low thermal conductivity, leakage during the solid-liquid phase change process, and a single function. Interestingly, organic, porous, and shape-stabilized materials, primarily biomass-based and polymer-based porous materials, have been recognized as support materials for constructing shape-stabilized composite PCMs. Multi-function PCMs with stable shapes can be prepared by encapsulating PCMs with organic, porous, and shape-stabilized materials combined with other functional materials, effectively addressing the aforementioned problems in the field of phase-change heat storage. This paper describes four preparation methods—physical blending, vacuum impregnation, chemical grafting, and electrospinning of biomass-based and polymer-based multi-porous composite phase-change thermal storage materials and compares their advantages and limitations. Thereafter, the latest advances in the preparation of organic, porous, and shape-stabilized composite PCMs through direct and functional compositing methods are reviewed to understand the inherent limitations of traditional PCMs. The thermal properties of these composite materials are systematically summarized. Additionally, the typical applications of these PCMs in the fields of solar energy storage, industrial waste heat, intelligent buildings, wearable fabrics, electronic devices, and biomedicine are described. Furthermore, the current challenges are highlighted to inspire more research ideas for developing in detail novel and excellent properties of composite PCMs.

Key words: phase change materials, organic porous shape-stabilized materials, composite materials, thermal energy storage

中图分类号:

TB 34

刘涛涛, 张少朋, 王艺斐, 林曦鹏. 有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2635-2653.

Taotao LIU, Shaopeng ZHANG, Yifei WANG, Xipeng LIN. Organic porous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2635-2653.

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储热形式	显热储热	相变储热	化学反应储热
储热密度/(J/g)	<600~800	约100~2900	300~3000
成本	低	高	较高
温度变化/℃	25~1200	0~800	100~1100
体积变化/%	约1	10~40	>1000(1 atm)
系统	较简单	简单	复杂
成熟度	工业规模	小规模	实验阶段
安全系数	较高	高	低

制备方法	优点	缺点
物理共混法	方法简单、成本较低	PCMs封装率低、受支架孔径影响
真空浸渍法	方法较简单、成本低	压力不易控制、受支架孔径影响
化学接枝法	PCMs分布均匀、分子间作用力强	方法复杂、成本高
静电纺丝法	制备的复合PCMs柔韧性好、比表面积大	方法复杂、效率低、成本较高

复合PCMs体系				复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
复合方式	载体材料	PCMs	添加剂	复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
直接复合	土豆、白萝卜	PEG	—	4.49	951.0	200	[34]
	棉花	PW	—	0.40	37.90	200	[35]
	瓜尔胶聚酰亚胺	PEG	—	0.62	100.0	100	[36]
	多肉植物	PW	—	0.43	72.00	20	[37]
	芦苇	PW	—	0.41	75.89	50	[39]

功能化复合	棉秆	PEG	银微球	0.78	300.0	100	[41]
	木材	STA	MoS₂	0.31	138.0	—	[42]
	竹子	PEG	碳纳米管	0.49	128.0	100	[43]
	脱脂棉	PW	SiC	0.61	205.0	100	[44]
	柚子皮	PEG	MXene	0.42	68.00	—	[50]

复合PCMs体系				复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
复合方式	载体材料	PCMs	添加剂	复合PCMs热导率/[W/(m·K)]	热导率提升幅度(与纯PCMs相比)/%	无泄漏热循环次数	文献
直接复合	聚乙烯醇	PEG	—	0.35	12.90	8	[52]
	三聚氰胺泡沫	PW	—	0.30	2.0	100	[53]
	聚合物LDPE/SEBS	十六烷	—	0.24	72.14	3	[55]
	聚合物PTP-A	PEG	—	—	—	50	[56]
	聚合物HPP	1-十八醇	—	—	—	50	[57]

功能化复合	环氧树脂	PW	膨胀石墨	1.29	100.0	41	[60]
	烯烃嵌段共聚物	PW	氮化铝粉末膨胀石墨	1.56	262.0	200	[61]
	热塑性聚氨酯	LA	多壁碳纳米管	—	—	15	[62]
	聚二乙烯苯纳米管	PW	聚吡咯	—	—	500	[63]
	聚氨酯	PEG	聚多巴胺颗粒	0.37	39.62	2	[64]

有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料研究进展

Organic porous shape-stabilized composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review

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