储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 2625-2634.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0096

• 第十三届储能国际峰会暨展览会专辑 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型储能产业发展关键问题及政策机制

刘坚()   

  1. 中国宏观经济研究院能源研究所,国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所,北京 100038
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26 修回日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-07-11
  • 作者简介:刘坚(1983—),男,博士,研究方向为储能、氢能、新型电力系统,E-mail:liujianbox@hotmail.com

Key issues and policy mechanisms for developing new energy storage in China

Jian LIU()   

  1. China Academy of Macroeconomics Energy Research Institute, Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing 100038, China
  • Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-03-11 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-07-11

摘要:

新型储能是我国建设新型能源体系的重要组成和关键支撑,对保障新型电力系统安全稳定运行,推动绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。近期我国新型储能装机快速增长,政策体系逐步建立,但产业高质量发展仍然面临多重挑战。本文全面系统回顾了我国新型储能产业发展历程,梳理总结了“十四五”以来新型储能关键政策,深入分析了当前新型储能技术产业进展以及在科技创新、技术经济、产业竞争以及体制机制方面存在的关键问题。研究发现,当前我国正处于新型储能与电力系统融合的关键时期,未来发展潜力巨大,但目前新型储能行业发展仍面临成本高、颠覆性技术有待突破、电力市场和调用机制尚不健全、产业“内卷化”和出海挑战日益严峻等问题,有必要推动电力系统源网荷储协同规划,完善相关体制机制顶层设计与法律保障,加快突破新型储能技术关键堵点,加快产品升级与迭代,完善相关电力市场与价格的机制,持续提升新型储能盈利水平,促进新型储能更大范围、更多场景的应用,助力能源系统转型与产业升级。

关键词: 新型储能, 长时储能, 容量电价, 源网荷储

Abstract:

New-type energy storage approaches, as a crucial component and key pillar in the construction of China's new energy system, play a vital role in ensuring the secure and stable operation of the modern power system and driving the transition to green and low-carbon technologies. While China has recently witnessed rapid growth in new-type energy storage installations and the gradual development of a policy framework, the industry still faces multiple challenges in achieving high-quality development. This study systematically reviews the evolution of the new-type energy storage industry in China, summarizes the key policies introduced since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and thoroughly analyzes the progress and critical issues in technological innovation, technoeconomic viability, industrial competition, and institutional mechanisms. The findings revealed that China is currently at a critical juncture in integrating the new-type energy storage with the power system, with significant future potential. However, challenges such as high costs, pending breakthroughs in disruptive technologies, immature electricity market and dispatch mechanisms, intensifying "involution" and growing obstacles in global expansion persist. To address these issues, it is imperative to advance coordinated planning across power generation, grid infrastructure, load management, and storage systems; improve top-level institutional design and legal safeguards; accelerate breakthroughs in key technological bottlenecks; expedite product upgrades and iterations; refine electricity market and pricing mechanisms; enhance profitability; and promote broader and more diversified applications of new-type energy storage. These efforts will facilitate the transformation of the energy system and industrial upgrading.

Key words: new-type energy storage, long duration energy storage, capacity payment, generation-grid-load-storage coordination

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