无纺布隔膜用于锂离子电池的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0227

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池由于比能量高、使用寿命长等优点而被广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动汽车、储能等领域。作为锂离子电池关键部件之一的隔膜，对锂离子电池在高温下维持可持续性使用有着至关重要的影响。随着新能源汽车对动力锂离子电池材料能量密度和安全性提出更高要求，锂离子电池隔膜的耐热性能、力学性能和电解液浸润性等要求也随之加强。本文综述了近年来无纺布隔膜在锂离子电池应用方面的研究进展，具体介绍了湿法无纺布隔膜、静电纺丝无纺布隔膜和无纺布复合隔膜的研究现状，最后总结指出锂离子电池无纺布隔膜如若要实现大规模工业化生产应用，还需要解决在隔膜的厚度、孔径及成本等方面的技术瓶颈，从而在高比能量锂电池体系发展的进程中，进一步凸显无纺布隔膜的优势。

关键词: 锂电池, 无纺布, 隔膜

Abstract:

By virtue of their high specific capacity and long service life, lithium ion batteries are popularly installed in mobile electronic equipment, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. A battery separator is a vital component as it sustains the battery usage at high temperatures. New electric vehicles are increasing the energy density and safety performance demands of lithium ion batteries, placing more stringent requirements on the heat resistance, mechanical properties, and electrolyte infiltration of lithium-ion battery separators. Existing industrial-scale separators are polyolefin porous membranes, which deliver high performance at low cost. However, the poor thermal stability of polyolefins has become the safety bottleneck of high-energy lithium batteries. Excessively high temperatures cause severe thermal contraction, resulting in short-circuiting between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and possible burnout or explosion of the battery. In contrast, nonwoven fabric-based separators deliver excellent heat resistance, so they are expected in the next generation of high-energy lithium battery systems. This paper reviews the research progress of nonwoven fabric-based separators in lithium ion batteries. At present, nonwoven composite separators and nonwoven fabric-based separators are formed by the wet-laid process and electrostatic spinning. These fabrication processes are separately described in detail. Nonwoven fabric-based separators in power lithium-ion batteries are still being tested in small-scale trials. To realize their large-scale industrial production and application, we must overcome technical bottlenecks, i.e., the thickness, pore size, and cost control of the separator. Prompt and effective solutions to these problems would help realize safe batteries with high specific capacity.

Key words: lithium ion battery, non-woven fabric, separator

中图分类号:

TQ 320.72

陈莉, 王艳杰, 谭菁. 无纺布隔膜用于锂离子电池的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 784-790.

CHEN Li, WANG Yanjie, TAN Jing. Review on non-woven fabric-based separator for lithium ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 784-790.

图/表 11

参考文献 41

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