高安全性锂电池电解液研究与应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池（LIBs）由于具有较高的能量密度和良好循环稳定性而成为应用最广泛的储能设备之一。但是，其安全问题极大的限制了LIBs的生产及应用。LIBs的安全问题主要是由电池系统的热失控引起的，近年来，科学家们针对引起电池热失控的原因进行了研究，表明固体电解质界面（SEI）膜的分解是电池热失控的起点，随后电解液会与正负极材料发生反应，而目前使用的电解液具有闪点低、高度可燃等特点，存在着较大的安全隐患。因此，使用高安全性电解液可以有效提高LIBs的安全性。本文从可替代易燃的有机电解液角度，阐述了提高电解液安全的理论方法与技术途径，包括阻燃电解液、自身不易燃电解液、智能电解液以及水系电解液等方面。这些技术方法，还有望应用于有机液流电池体系，为高安全性大容量储能系统研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 安全性, 添加剂, 有机电解液

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the most widely used energy storage devices owing to their high energy density and excellent cycling stability. Unfortunately, their safety problems considerably prohibit their large-scale production and application. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the mechanism of the LIB thermal runaway. In this study, we summarize highly stable electrolytes, including flame-retardant electrolytes, intrinsically nonflammable electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and smart electrolytes. We believe this review sheds light on the design and synthesis of highly stable electrolytes for organic fluid flow battery systems and other high-capacity energy storage systems.

Key words: lithium ion batteries, safety, additive, organic electrolyte

中图分类号:

TM 911

陈晓霞, 刘凯, 王保国. 高安全性锂电池电解液研究与应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(2): 583-592.

CHEN Xiaoxia, LIU Kai, WANG Baoguo. Research on high-safety electrolytes and their application in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 583-592.

图/表 8

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