储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 1278-1288.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0068

• 国际优秀储能青年科学家专刊 • 上一篇    

储能友好型频率响应服务市场：英国视角

范馥麟1(), 李军徽2(), 严干贵1, 李翠萍2   

  1. 1.思克莱德大学能源与环境学院，英国 格拉斯哥 G1 1XW
    2.现代电力系统仿真控制与绿色电能新技术教育部重点实验室(东北电力大学)，吉林 吉林 132012
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2022-04-05 发布日期:2022-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 李军徽 E-mail:f.fan@strath.ac.uk;lijunhui@neepu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:范馥麟（1990—），男，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为电力系统与电力市场，E-mail：f.fan@strath.ac.uk；
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金联合基金项目(2020122352JC)

Energy storage-friendly frequency response service markets： The UK perspective

Fulin FAN1(), Junhui LI2(), CAMPOS-GAONA David1, Gangui YAN2   

  1. 1.Institute for Energy and Environment, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
    2.Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin 132012, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2022-04-05 Published:2022-04-11
  • Contact: Junhui LI E-mail:f.fan@strath.ac.uk;lijunhui@neepu.edu.cn

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摘要：

首先综述了自2016年起英国频率响应服务市场的储能友好型逐步改革，包括：引入含双频率响应曲线的增强频率响应服务，允许储能运营商根据荷电状态，在两条响应曲线间提供服务；缩短服务竞标周期至每周或日前，使储能运营商能够更准确地预估其在服务周期内的可用性；缩短服务费用评估周期，并引入特定能量状态规则，以降低储能运营商的潜在市场经济风险；规定最低频率响应时长，以降低储能运营商的市场准入门槛；发展终极频率响应产品(动态遏制、动态稳定、动态调节)，加强市场的标准化与透明化建设。为了直观地展示储能系统在最新频率响应服务市场下的运营，基于动态稳定服务的最新技术要求与市场机制，模拟了某兆瓦级锂电池储能系统向英国输电网提供动态稳定服务，并根据其一小时后结算期的初始荷电状态预测值，提交相应运行基线以进行能量管理。然后通过计算储能系统的能量状态与响应误差，确定了该储能运营商是否服从终极服务市场的特定能量状态规则及其在市场中的收益；并基于锂电池储能系统当前价格及其生命周期能量吞吐量模型，分析并讨论了该储能运营商在储能友好型市场改革下的盈利性。所设计并模拟的储能系统运行策略充分考虑了终极频率响应服务的特有市场机制，通过接近实时的能量管理，确保储能系统能够交付所需频率响应；尤其在终极频率响应服务市场的发展初期阶段，为储能系统运营商提供了有针对性与创新性的运营方案。

关键词: 电池储能系统, 频率响应服务市场, 储能友好型市场改革, 英国视角

Abstract:

To counterbalance the reduction of system inertia with increasing renewable generation, the frequency response (FR) service markets in the UK have been reforming to enable procurement from diverse technologies including energy storage systems (ESSs). The Enhanced FR product was introduced in 2016 to allow ESSs to manage the state of energy (SOE) within two envelopes. A two-year weekly auction trial was launched in 2019 to test closer-to-real-time procurement and reduce the financial risk of ESSs by evaluating their performance and payments in each week separately instead of an entire month. In addition, an integrated suite of end-state services has been successively released since 2020 with the phase-out of existing FR services so as to increase the standardisation and transparency of FR markets. The end-end services consisting of Dynamic Containment (DC), Dynamic Moderation (DM) and Dynamic Regulation (DR) deal with different frequency deviation levels and have a limited requirement on full-response duration, which mitigates the barrier to entry for ESSs. The SOE rules are additionally specified to indicate the cases in which ESSs will not be penalised for the under-delivery of DC, DM or DR. Based on the latest technical requirements and procurement/payment mechanisms of DM, this paper simulates the techno-economic operation of a grid-scale lithium-ion battery ESS (BESS) that provides DM to the AC grid while following its operational baselines to restore the SOE. The SOE levels and FR errors of the BESS are calculated to determine its compliance with the SOE rules and under-delivery penalties. Then the DM payment is compared with BESS costs to estimate the net present value at the end of the energy throughput-based lifetime, indicating the profitability of the BESS under the latest energy storage-friendly FR markets. The BESS operating strategy designed here fully considers the specific market mechanisms of end-state FR services, allowing the closer-to-real-time SOE management and meeting the required FR delivery. The specific and novel strategy design and the resulting simulation offer BESS developers with an insight into potential operating scenarios especially at the early stage of end-state FR service markets.

Key words: battery energy storage system, frequency response service markets, energy storage-friendly market reforms, UK perspective

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