碳中和目标下的微网运行经济性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0430

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在当前“双碳”背景下，许多企业都在探索用户侧分布式新能源的应用。本研究集光、储、用等诸多元素于一体，搭建起工商业用户侧分布式新能源智能微网。截至目前，微网经过5年时间的实际运行，验证了谷电峰用、需求侧容量管理、需求响应等多种微网模式，理想条件下单独运行年收益分别达到24.88万元、26.40万元、32.88万元，并探索了多模式协调运行策略。运行数据统计表明：利用分布式新能源以及储能系统构建的智能微网，在主控系统的协调控制下，实现了工商业用户侧百分百的绿色能源供应，实现了碳中和目标，通过微网多模式协调运行，年收益可达52.29万元，远超其他单一运行模式收益，为分布式新能源智能微网的应用和推广起到了一定的示范和参考作用。

关键词: 分布式新能源, 智能微网, 碳中和

Abstract:

Numerous businesses are investigating the industrial and commercial consumer side application of distributed new energy against the backdrop of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.” In this project, a smart microgrid with distributed new energies on the industrial and commercial user side has been built, which incorporates many components, including photovoltaics, vanadium energy storage systems, and industrial loads. The microgrid has been active for 5 years, and several microgrid operational modes have been confirmed, such as peak shaving, demand-side capacity management, demand response, etc. Under perfect circumstances, the yearly income of independent operation will generate ￥248810 (peak shaving), ￥264000 (demand-side capacity management), and ￥328800 (demand response), respectively. Also, a multimode coordinated operation technique has been investigated. Operational data figures show that the smart microgrid built using distributed new energy and energy storage systems achieved a 100% green energy supply on the industrial and commercial user side while being controlled by the primary control system, thereby achieving carbon neutrality targets. Additionally, the annual income of the microgrid can generate up to ￥522,886, which is significantly more than the income of conventional single operation modes. It contributes to the application and promotion of distributed new energy smart microgrids in several ways by serving as a demonstration.

Key words: distributed new energy, smart microgrid, carbon neutrality

中图分类号:

TM 91

王雷, 王鑫, 张蓉蓉, 刘宗浩, 穆生胧, 陈刚. 碳中和目标下的微网运行经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 319-328.

Lei WANG, Xin WANG, Rongrong ZHANG, Zonghao LIU, Shenglong MU, Gang CHEN. Economic analysis of microgrid operation based on carbon neutrality[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(1): 319-328.

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分项	2018年	2017年
光伏发电量/MWh	1651.72	1633.80
负荷总用电量/MWh	1407.56	1332.78
光伏发电量/负荷总用电量/%	117%	123%

分类	时段	时长/h	电价/(元/kWh)
谷电	22:00—5:00	7	0.2399
平电	5:00—8:00，11:00—17:00	8	0.4798
峰电	8:00—11:00，17:00—22:00	9	0.7197

项目		单位	数值
储能系统算例边界条件	功率	kW	500
	容量	kWh	2000
	效率	%	70%
	日循环次数	次	1
	年运营天数	d	330
运营成本及收益	充电成本	元/d	685.43
	放电收益	元/d	1439.40
	年收益	元	248810.10

项目		单位	数值
储能系统算例边界条件	功率	kW	500
	容量	kWh	2000
	效率	%	70%
	平均日运行时间	h	2.3
	年运营月数	月	12
运营费用及收益	容量电费	元/(kVA·月)	22
	减少变压器容量	kVA	1000
	年收益	元	264000

响应类型	参与主体	主体分档	控制方式	响应速度	邀约顺序	补偿费用组成
响应类型	参与主体	主体分档	控制方式	响应速度	邀约顺序	容量补偿	电能补偿
紧急型需求响应	具备次日或当日临时调整用电负荷的参与主体	第一档	自控	日前(D-1)13:00通知	优先调用	每响应1 kW负荷不超过2元/(kW·月)	根据实际响应量和现货市场价格计算
		第二档	自控	日内(D日)提前4 h通知	次之调用	第一档的1.5倍
		第三档	直控	日内(D日)按指令执行	直接调用	第一档的2倍
经济型需求响应	全部参与主体	无	自控	日前竞价、日内执行	全部调用	无
经济型需求响应	全部参与主体	无	直控	日前竞价、日内执行	全部调用	无