以安全高质量应用为导向的储能锂离子电池综合性能评价标准

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0493

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为支撑智能电网和能源转型发展的关键技术，储能受到广泛关注，其中以锂离子电池为代表的电池储能成为大规模储能的首选储存载体之一。然而随着电池储能应用规模逐渐增加，暴露出储能系统在质量和安全方面存在诸多问题和风险，电池储能系统作为电气设备整机产品目前还不成熟，储能电站的整体安全与质量状态存在不确定性，导致目前大量已建储能电站利用率偏低。由于设备整机产品还处于不成熟、不断迭代发展过程中，为提升现阶段锂离子电池储能电站的应用水平，以安全高质量应用为导向，围绕储能用锂离子电池这个核心部件开展综合性能评价显得尤为重要。本文主要梳理了国内储能锂离子电池相关标准的最新进展，对锂离子电池储能核心标准的重要内容和该标准对行业发展的作用进行了详细分析。结合电池储能特性评价和检测技术研究积累，提出了涵盖型式试验、等级评价、到货抽检、并网检测及运行考核检测的电池储能全流程检测评价整体解决方案，通过对各个环节的详细分析表明该方案可以实现对投运的涉及电网运行的电网侧、电源侧、用户侧储能设备全链条全环节闭环管理，对于提升电池储能设备投运前的标准化规范化水平、提高储能电站运行可靠性、降低储能电站安全风险具有重要意义。

关键词: 储能锂离子电池, 综合性能, 储能标准, 整体解决方案

Abstract:

Energy storage has attracted considerable attention as a key technology enabling the development of smart grids and energy transformation, with battery energy storage represented by lithium-ion batteries becoming one of the preferred storage carriers for large-scale energy storage. However, with the gradual increase in the scale of battery energy storage applications, new challenges and risks in the quality and safety of energy storage systems have emerged. The battery energy storage system is not yet mature as a complete electrical equipment product, and there is uncertainty in the overall safety and quality status of energy storage power stations, resulting in low utilization rates of many existing energy storage power stations. Due to the immaturity and continuous iterative development process of the entire equipment product, it is particularly important to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation around the core component of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage to improve the application level of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations at the current stage, guided by safe and high-quality applications. This research reviews the latest progress of domestic standards related to energy storage of lithium-ion batteries. It provides a detailed analysis of the core standard for lithium-ion battery energy storage and its role in industry development. Based on the evaluation of battery energy storage characteristics and research accumulation of testing technology, a comprehensive solution has been proposed for the full process testing and evaluation of battery energy storage, including testing type, evaluation level, sampling arrival, testing grid connection, and operation assessment testing. It is demonstrated through detailed analysis of each link that the scheme can achieve closed-loop management of the entire chain of energy storage equipment on the grid side, power supply side, and user side involved in grid operation, which is of great significance for enhancing the standardization level of the battery energy storage equipment before the operation, improving the operation reliability of the energy storage power station, and reducing the safety risks of the energy storage power station.

Key words: lithium ion batteries for energy storage, comprehensive performance, energy storage standards, overall solution

中图分类号:

TM 912

官亦标, 沈进冉, 刘家亮, 渠展展, 高飞, 刘施阳, 郭翠静, 周淑琴, 付珊珊. 以安全高质量应用为导向的储能锂离子电池综合性能评价标准[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(9): 2946-2953.

Yibiao GUAN, Jinran SHEN, Jialiang LIU, Zhanzhan QU, Fei GAO, Shiyang LIU, Cuijing GUO, Shuqin ZHOU, Shanshan FU. Comprehensive performance evaluation standards for energy storage lithium-ion batteries guided by safe and high-quality applications[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(9): 2946-2953.

图/表 2

表1

表2

电池工作参数设置原则"

电池层级	工作参数类型	工作参数要求
电池单体	—	与电池单体规格参数表一致
	电压限值	充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
	电压限值	放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	温度限值	高温一级报警温度>高温二级报警温度>高温三级报警温度>高温截止温度
	温度限值	低温一级报警温度<低温二级报警温度<低温三级报警温度<低温截止温度
电池模块	—	与电池模块规格参数表一致
	额定充放电功率	≤电池单体型式检验报告中额定充放电功率×电池模块中电池单体个数
	额定充放电能量	≤电池单体型式检验报告中额定充放电能量×电池模块中电池单体个数
	电压限值	充电电压限值<电池单体充电电压限值×电池模块中电池单体串联个数
		放电电压限值>电池单体放电电压限值×电池模块中电池单体串联个数
		充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
		放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	电池单体工作参数	与电池单体规格参数表一致
电池簇	—	与电池簇规格参数表一致
	额定充放电功率	≤电池模块型式检验报告中额定充放电功率×电池簇中电池模块个数
	额定充放电能量	≤电池模块型式检验报告中额定充放电能量×电池簇中电池模块个数
	电压限值	充电电压限值<电池模块充电电压限值×电池簇中电池模块串联个数
		放电电压限值>电池模块放电电压限值×电池簇中电池模块串联个数
		充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
		放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	电流限值	充电电流一级报警值>充电电流二级报警值>充电电流三级报警值>充电电流截止值
	电流限值	放电电流一级报警值>放电电流二级报警值>放电电流三级报警值>放电电流截止值
	电池模块电压极差限值	电池簇充电电池模块电压极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差截止值
	电池模块电压极差限值	电池簇放电电池模块电压极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差截止值
	电池单体电压极差限值	电池簇充电电池单体电压极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差截止值
	电池单体电压极差限值	电池簇放电电池单体电压极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差截止值
	电池单体温度极差限值	电池簇充电电池单体温度极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差截止值
	电池单体温度极差限值	电池簇放电电池单体温度极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差截止值
	绝缘电阻限值	电池簇一级报警绝缘电阻<电池簇三级报警绝缘电阻
	电池模块工作参数	与电池模块规格参数表一致
	电池单体工作参数	与电池单体规格参数表一致

表2

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标准名称	标准类型	标准编号	状态
电力储能基本术语	行业标准	DL/T 2528—2022	已发布
电力储能用锂离子电池	国家标准	GB/T 36276	修订完，已报批
电力储能用电池管理系统	国家标准	GB/T 34131—2023	已发布
电化学储能系统储能变流器技术规范	国家标准	GB/T 34120	修订中
储能变流器检测技术规程	国家标准	GB/T 34133	修订中
电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定	国家标准	GB/T 36547	修订中
电化学储能电站接入电网测试规范	国家标准	GB/T 36548	修订中
预制舱式锂离子电池储能系统技术规范	国家标准	—	编制中

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[2]	张涛1,2，顾洁1,2，张宇3，方陈3. 一种储能技术发展与储能标准耦合度计算方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(2): 280-286.