基于拓扑优化方法的蛛网散热结构均温性研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0672

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

仿生蛛网散热结构在高热流密度芯片散热方面有着广泛的应用，但仍然存在散热结构温度分布不均的问题。为进一步提升蛛网散热结构的温度均匀性，提出利用变密度拓扑优化方法对蛛网结构进行优化设计。以设计域温度方差最低为目标函数，采用霍尔姆兹密度过滤保证求解的数值稳定性，采用双曲正切投影保证清晰的流道形态，通过分析不同进出口布置和不同设计域形状下得到的拓扑流道的传热性能，发现多入口多出口且交错布置的方式能有效提高拓扑流道的均温性，且设计域边数在十以内其拓扑流道均温性呈上升趋势。最后，通过有限元分析的方法，对传统结构M1和不同设计域边数的三维拓扑重构结构M2、M3进行模拟仿真。结果表明，设计域边数为十的M3温度均匀性优于传统通道M1和设计域边数为六的M2，在Re=1800时，M3热阻相比于M1降低了18.48%，热源面温差相比于M1降低了25%，综合传热性能评价因子PEC值达到1.22。本研究提出并验证了拓扑优化方法在提升蛛网散热结构均温性方面的有效性，有助于推动拓扑优化方法在散热结构上的应用。

关键词: 蛛网结构, 拓扑优化, 数值模拟, 均温性

Abstract:

The bionic spider cooling structure is widely employed in dissipating heat from high heat flux chips, yet it faces challenges with uneven temperature distribution. To enhance the temperature uniformity within the spider web's thermal structure, this study introduces variable density topology optimization to refine the design. The optimization process aims to minimize temperature variance across the design domain, utilizing Holmz density filtering for numerical stability and hyperbolic tangential projection to define clear flow paths. Analysis of the heat transfer efficiency in topologically optimized flow paths, considering various inlet and outlet configurations and shapes across different design domains, revealed that a staggered multi-inlet and multi-outlet arrangement significantly enhances temperature equalization. Additionally, it was observed that the average temperature of the topological channel increases when the design domain comprises fewer than 10 edges. Comparative simulations using the finite element analysis method were conducted on a traditional structure (M1) and three-dimensional topological reconstructions (M2 and M3) with varying edge numbers in the design domain. The results demonstrated superior temperature uniformity in M3, which has 10 edges, compared to M1 and M2 with 6 edges. At a Reynolds number (Re) of 1800, M3 exhibited an 18.48% reduction in thermal resistance and a 25% decrease in the heat source surface temperature difference compared to M1, achieving a performance evaluation criteria value of 1.22. This study not only validates the effectiveness of the topology optimization method in enhancing the thermal structure's temperature equalization but also advocates for its broader application in thermal management systems.

Key words: spider structure, topology optimization, numerical simulation, homothermy

中图分类号:

TG 156

张坎, 付婷, 王江波. 基于拓扑优化方法的蛛网散热结构均温性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1721-1730.

Kan ZHANG, Ting FU, Jiangbo WANG. Study on thermal equalization of spider web thermal structure based on topology optimization method[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1721-1730.

图/表 17

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参数	数值
热源/(W/m²)	1e-6
流体黏度/(Pa·s)	0.001
流体密度/(kg/m³)	1000
流体导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	0.6
流体比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	4200
固体密度/(kg/m³)	2700
固体导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	237
固体比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	900
进口温度/K	293.15
投影系数	6
收敛误差条件	1e-6
达西数	1e-4

符号	具体数值/mm	符号	具体数值/mm
H整体高度	4.5	L_ch通道宽度	0.8
H_ch流道高度	1.5	W_ch入口宽度	1.5
L整体长度	20	W整体宽度	18

项目	网格1/相对(网格2)误差	网格2	网格3/相对(网格2)误差
网格数量	647021	1453017	2865300
基板平均温度/K	345.58/0.20%	344.89	345.06/0.05%
压降/Pa	199.27/1.05%	197.2	198.99/0.91%

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