不同支撑结构的固体氧化物燃料电池数值模拟分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0855

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是一种高效的发电系统，能够直接将化学能转换为电能。如何保证电池高效且稳定地运行是亟待解决的问题。本工作建立了单片的平板式固体氧化物燃料电池的三维模型，涉及电化学、传质和传热等多个物理场的耦合，通过COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件对模型进行数值计算并验证模型，其I-V曲线表明数据误差小于6％。在该模型基础上，开发了基于阴极及电解质支撑的SOFC的三维模型，并继续研究了不同操作参数、支撑结构对SOFC的输出功率、温度等诸多因素对电池的输出功率、温度等物理参数带来的影响，对电池的影响情况通过极化曲线和功率曲线来反映。仿真结果表明，连接肋板会影响电池内部气体的扩散，进而发现电流密度与物质的分布有紧密联系。通过进一步的研究表明，支撑层厚度、压力以及输入燃料流量等因素均会对电池的输出功率、温度等带来影响，增大工作压力、燃料输入流量等均能提高输出功率，但这也会导致电池内部温度上升，而输出功率与电池支撑层厚度成反比。相同条件下，阴极支撑型SOFC的输出功率大于电解质支撑型SOFC的输出功率，本研究对SOFC的结构设计、实验工作具有一定的指导作用。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池, 电池性能, 阴极支撑, 数值模拟, 电池温度

Abstract:

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent an efficient power generation system capable of directly converting chemical energy into electricity. However, ensuring the high efficiency and stable operation of SOFCs is a pressing issue. This study establishes a three-dimensional model for a single-piece planar SOFC, involving the coupling of various physical fields such as electrochemistry, mass transfer, and heat transfer. The model is subjected to numerical calculations and validation using the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software, with the I-V curve indicating a data error of less than 6%. Building on this model, a three-dimensional model of an SOFC based on cathode and electrolyte support is developed. This study further investigates the impact of different operational parameters and support structures on factors such as output power and temperature of SOFCs. The effects on the cell are reflected through polarization and power curves. The simulation results show that connecting rib plates can influence the diffusion of gases within the cell, revealing a close correlation between current density and material distribution. Further research indicates that factors such as support layer thickness, pressure, and input fuel flow rate can affect the cell's output power and temperature. Increasing the operational pressure and fuel input flow rate can enhance the output power; however, this also leads to an increase in the internal temperature of the cell, with the output power being inversely proportional to the thickness of the cell support layer. Under identical conditions, the output power of cathode-supported SOFCs is greater than that of electrolyte-supported SOFCs. Hence, this study provides some guidance regarding the structural design and experimental work related to SOFCs.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell, cell performance, cathode-supported, numerical simulation, cell temperature

中图分类号:

TM 911.4

刘鑫宇, 张安安, 廖长江. 不同支撑结构的固体氧化物燃料电池数值模拟分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1710-1720.

Xinyu LIU, Anan ZHANG, Changjiang LIAO. Numerical simulation analysis of solid oxide fuel cells with different support structures[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1710-1720.

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参数	电解质	阴极	阳极	连接肋板
孔隙率	—	0.4	0.4	—
离子/电子电导率/(S/cm)	0.0106	333	800	1000
导热系数/[W/(m∙K)]	3	3	3	20
定压比热容/[J/(kg∙K)]	550	430	450	446

参数	电解质支撑型	阴极支撑型
气体通道宽度/mm	2	2
连接肋宽/mm	2	2
阳极厚度/μm	50	45
电解质厚度/μm	500	10
阴极厚度/μm	50	800
长度/mm	100	100
温度/℃ 工作压力/MPa	800 0.1~0.5	800 0.1~0.5
阴极孔隙率	0.4	0.4
渗透率	10^-10	10^-10

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