碳基纳米石蜡复合相变储能材料制备与性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0759

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变材料的低导热系数限制了相变储能系统的传热效率。本工作针对石蜡导热系数低的问题，以石蜡为基底材料，选取羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)与纳米洋葱碳(CNOs)作为高导热介质，采用两步法分别制备了系列不同质量浓度的碳基纳米石蜡复合相变材料(CPCM)，探究了两种纳米材料的添加量对CPCM的相变温度、相变潜热、导热系数和运动黏度的影响。研究结果发现，碳纳米材料的加入对石蜡的相变温度的影响较小，最大温度偏差仅为1.811 ℃；相变潜热随着纳米颗粒质量浓度变化呈现非线性变化趋势，CNOs质量分数为4%时，CPCM潜热减少最多，达到16.4%；CPCM的导热系数和液相材料的运动黏度均随着纳米添加剂浓度的增加而增加，4% CNOs-PCMs材料液态和固态导热系数分别为0.3167 W/(m·K)和0.8322 W/(m·K)，导热系数增幅最大，达到80.7%和195.9%，与MWCNT相比，使用CNOs作为石蜡的高导热介质，更有利于增强复合相变材料的导热性能。本研究为开发具有高导热系数的石蜡复合相变材料提供了实验依据，为不同需求下纳米石蜡复合相变材料的选择提供了参考。

关键词: 相变储能, 石蜡, 纳米洋葱碳, 多壁碳纳米管, 导热系数, 相变潜热, 运动黏度

Abstract:

The low thermal conductivity of phase-change materials (PCMs) limits the heat transfer efficiency of phase-change energy storage systems. The problem of the low thermal conductivity of paraffin was addressed by preparing a series of nano-carbon-based composite PCMs (CPCMs) with different nano-carbon mass concentrations using a two-step method using paraffin as the substrate material and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon nano-onions (CNOs) as high-thermal-conductivity media. The effects of adding the two nano-materials on the phase transition temperature, latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, and kinematic viscosity of CPCMs were investigated. It was found that adding nano-carbon materials had a negligible effect on the phase transition temperature, and the maximum temperature deviation was 1.811 ℃. However, the latent heat of fusion decreased with the increasing mass concentration of nanoparticles. The maximum reduction in the latent heat of fusion was 16.4%, with a mass CNO fraction of 4%. The increasing nano-carbon concentration increased the thermal conductivity and the kinematic viscosity of liquid CPCMs. The thermal conductivity of 4% CNO-PCM in liquid and solid state was 0.3167 W/(m·K) and 0.8322 W/(m·K), respectively, with the most significant increase in thermal conductivity of 80.7% and 195.9%, respectively. Compared with MWCNT, using CNOs was more conducive to enhancing the PCM thermal conductivity. This study provides an experimental basis for developing composite paraffin PCMs with high thermal conductivity and a reference for selecting CPCMs for different demands.

Key words: phase change energy storage, paraffin, CNOs, MWCNT, thermal conductivity, latent heat of fusion, kinematic viscosity

中图分类号:

TK 02

陈莎, 陈岳浩, 孙小琴, 廖曙光. 碳基纳米石蜡复合相变储能材料制备与性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(12): 4349-4356.

Sha CHEN, Yuehao CHEN, Xiaoqin SUN, Shuguang LIAO. Preparation and properties of nano-carbon-based composite paraffin phase-change materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4349-4356.

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相变温度/℃		导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	黏度/(mPa·s)	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	密度/ (kg/m³)		相变潜热/(kJ/kg)
固相	液相	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	黏度/(mPa·s)	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	固相	液相	相变潜热/(kJ/kg)
23	26	0.1782	4.50	2120	860	852	194

状态	参数	MWCNT的质量分数
状态	参数	0%	1%	2%	3%	4%
放热凝固	潜热/(J/g)	196.43	179.84	186.03	176.81	175.18
	起点/℃	23.579	23.244	22.763	24.536	24.168
	峰值温度/℃	22.296	20.485	22.37	22.301	22.137

吸热熔化	潜热/(J/g)	198.08	179.88	186.08	175.48	174.32
	起点/℃	26.49	24.711	25.807	26.062	25.314
	峰值温度/℃	30.521	30.217	30.216	29.861	29.17

状态	参数	CNOs的质量分数
状态	参数	0%	1%	2%	3%	4%
放热凝固	潜热/(J/g)	196.43	194.79	197.36	171.01	164.15
	起点/℃	23.579	25.123	25.244	24.559	24.133
	峰值温度/℃	22.296	22.558	23.269	22.253	21.643

吸热熔化	潜热/(J/g)	198.08	193.76	196.93	170.42	165.64
	起点/℃	26.49	26.745	27.075	25.873	24.742
	峰值温度/℃	30.521	30.211	30.513	30.013	29.561

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