质子交换膜燃料电池用碳纤维纸技术的关键及产业化研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1182

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能的使用是实现能源结构转型和构建低碳社会的重要途径，而质子交换膜燃料电池是氢能转化利用的核心设备之一。与催化剂、质子交换膜等材料的产业化研究进展相比，作为气体扩散层基底的碳纤维纸研究相对滞后，碳纤维纸国产化被称为燃料电池核心材料的“最后一个壁垒”。本文聚焦制约碳纤维纸产业化制备技术的关键问题，首先简要介绍当前碳纤维纸制备的主流工艺路线、成本及耐久性的影响因素；随后分析指出湿法成型制备碳纤维纸的技术关键在于构建均匀稳定的碳纤维支撑骨架，以及构筑均匀复合的纤维-树脂界面；在碳纤维纸产业化方面，国内整体处于起步及产品验证阶段，与实验室小试研究相比，其在量产过程中更多地面临工程化技术问题；最后分析总结了近年来国内碳纤维纸研究取得的成绩，并提出了未来主要关注的方向，以期推动国内碳纤维纸产业化可持续发展。

关键词: 氢能, 燃料电池, 碳纤维纸, 气体扩散层

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is vital for achieving energy structural transformation and building a low-carbon society. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are among the core devices for hydrogen energy conversion and utilization. Compared to industrial research on materials such as catalysts and proton exchange membranes, studies on carbon fiber paper, the base layer of the gas diffusion layer, have been underexplored. Domestic production of carbon fiber paper is considered the "last barrier" among core fuel cell materials. This study examines key bottlenecks in the industrial preparation of carbon fiber paper, beginning with an overview of mainstream manufacturing processes. The analysis highlights that the key technologies in wet-laying formation involve constructing a uniform and stable carbon fiber support framework and establishing a consistently integrated fiber-resin interface. Regarding industrialization, domestic efforts remain in the early stages and product validation phase. Compared to small-scale laboratory research, mass production presents increased engineering and technical challenges. Finally, this study summarizes recent domestic advancements in carbon fiber paper research and outlines future focus areas to promote sustainable industrialization of carbon fiber paper domestically.

Key words: hydrogen energy, fuel cell, carbon fiber paper, gas diffusion layer

中图分类号:

TM 912

王阳峰, 任博, 王红涛, 侯栓弟. 质子交换膜燃料电池用碳纤维纸技术的关键及产业化研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 984-996.

Yangfeng WANG, Bo REN, Hongtao WANG, Shuandi HOU. Research progress on key technologies and industrialization of carbon fiber paper for proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 984-996.

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