大功率燃料电池建模与电压一致性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0630

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 952-962.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0630

大功率燃料电池建模与电压一致性分析

包敏杰¹(), 俞小莉²^,³, 黄瑞²^,³(), 陈俊玄², 陈孝炀², 郅文彬¹

^1.浙江大学工程师学院，浙江杭州 310015
^2.浙江大学能源工程学院，浙江杭州 310027
^3.浙江省汽车智能热管理科学与技术重点实验室，浙江台州 317299

收稿日期:2023-09-14 修回日期:2023-11-03 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2024-03-28
通讯作者: 黄瑞 E-mail:bmj772@zju.edu.cn;hrss@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:包敏杰（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为燃料电池热管理，E-mail：bmj772@zju.edu.cn；
基金资助:
能源清洁利用国家重点实验室开放基金(ZJUCEU2022016);浙江大学实验技术研究项目(SYB202109)

High-power fuel cell modeling and voltage uniformity analysis

Minjie BAO¹(), Xiaoli YU²^,³, Rui HUANG²^,³(), Junxuan CHEN², Xiaoyang CHEN², Wenbin ZHI¹

^1.Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
^2.College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Smart Thermal Management Science & Technology for Vehicles of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 317299, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-09-14 Revised:2023-11-03 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2024-03-28
Contact: Rui HUANG E-mail:bmj772@zju.edu.cn;hrss@zju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着燃料电池堆朝着大功率发展，其工作时单体间的不一致性更加明显，长时间处于恶劣工作条件的单体寿命会明显短于其他单体，并导致电池堆的寿命大幅缩减。为探究不同运行参数对大功率燃料电池单体工作性能一致性的影响规律，首先，建立了包括流体网络模型、燃料电池电压模型和燃料电池热阻模型三个部分的110 kW大功率燃料电池模型。其次，开展燃料电池稳态试验，对所建立的燃料电池模型进行试验验证，仿真与试验结果误差在5%以内。最后，基于模型仿真，以电压最大偏差率为评价指标，分别探究工作电流、冷却水流量和冷却水进口温度三个运行参数对燃料电池电压一致性的影响规律。仿真结果表明，工作电流对燃料电池单体电压一致性的影响程度更大，其次是冷却水进口温度，最后是冷却水流量。本研究有助于大功率燃料电池发动机的结构优化设计以及为热管理控制策略开发提供指导。

关键词: 燃料电池, 电压一致性, 最大偏差率

Abstract:

With the advancement of fuel cell stack technology for the development of higher power outputs, operational disparities among individual cells have become more apparent. Longevity of a cell subjected to prolonged poor operating conditions is markedly diminished compared to its counterparts, often becoming a decisive factor in determining the overall stack lifespan. Thus, to assess the effects of varied operational parameters on achieving uniform performance in high-power fuel cells, a comprehensive 110 kW, high-power fuel cell model was developed. This model encompasses a fluid network, fuel cell voltage, and fuel cell thermal resistance models. Subsequently, a steady-state test was executed to validate the fuel cell model, revealing that the error between simulation and test results remained within a 5% margin. Employing the model simulations, maximum deviation rate of voltage was utilized as the evaluation criterion to analyze the influence of three key operating parameters: operating current, cooling water flow rate, and cooling water inlet temperature on the voltage uniformity of the fuel cell. Thus, the simulation results indicate that the operating current exerts the most pronounced impact on the voltage uniformity of the fuel cell, followed by the cooling water inlet temperature, with the cooling water flow rate exhibiting the test influence. This study offers valuable insights for guiding the structural optimization design of high-power fuel cell engines and the formation of thermal management control strategies.

Key words: fuel cell, voltage uniformity, maximum deviation rate

中图分类号:

TK 91

包敏杰, 俞小莉, 黄瑞, 陈俊玄, 陈孝炀, 郅文彬. 大功率燃料电池建模与电压一致性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 952-962.

Minjie BAO, Xiaoli YU, Rui HUANG, Junxuan CHEN, Xiaoyang CHEN, Wenbin ZHI. High-power fuel cell modeling and voltage uniformity analysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 952-962.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

表 1

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 19

1	陈曈, 周宇昊, 张海珍, 等. 氢燃料电池发展现状和趋势[J]. 节能, 2019, 38(6): 158-160.
	CHEN T, ZHOU Y H, ZHANG H Z, et al. Development present status and tendency of hydrogen fuel cell[J]. Energy Conservation, 2019, 38(6): 158-160.
2	邵志刚, 衣宝廉. 氢能与燃料电池发展现状及展望[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(4): 469-477.
	SHAO Z G, YI B L. Developing trend and present status of hydrogen energy and fuel cell development[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(4): 469-477.
3	黄瑞, 翁昕晨, 陈俊玄, 等. 氢燃料电池热管理测试系统开发和应用[J]. 实验技术与管理, 2022, 39(8): 83-89, 95.
	HUANG R, WENG X C, CHEN J X, et al. Development and application of test system for hydrogen fuel cell thermal management[J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2022, 39(8): 83-89, 95.
4	BASCHUK J J, LI X G. Modelling of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks based on a hydraulic network approach[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2004, 28(8): 697-724.
5	赵岩, 罗马吉, 陈奔. 基于压力速度耦合算法的PEMFC电堆空气分布[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 42(1): 28-32, 55.
	ZHAO Y, LUO M J, CHEN B. Air distribution in PEMFC stack based on pressure-velocity coupling algorithm[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 42(1): 28-32, 55.
6	YANG Z R, JIAO K, LIU Z, et al. Investigation of performance heterogeneity of PEMFC stack based on 1+1D and flow distribution models[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 207: 112502.
7	YANG Z R, WANG X B, ZHANG Y Y, et al. Effects of U-type and Z-type configurations on proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack performances considering non-uniform flow distribution phenomena[J]. International Journal of Green Energy, 2022, 19(11): 1160-1169.
8	ASGHARIAN H, AFSHARI E, BANIASADI E. Numerical investigation of pressure drop characteristics of gas channels and U and Z type manifolds of a PEM fuel cell stack[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2020, 44(7): 5866-5880.
9	HUANG F X, QIU D K, LAN S H, et al. Performance evaluation of commercial-size proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks considering air flow distribution in the manifold[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 203: 112256.
10	PARK J, LI X G. Effect of flow and temperature distribution on the performance of a PEM fuel cell stack[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 162(1): 444-459.
11	AMIRFAZLI A, ASGHARI S, SARRAF M. An investigation into the effect of manifold geometry on uniformity of temperature distribution in a PEMFC stack[J]. Energy, 2018, 145: 141-151.
12	焦魁, 王博文, 杜青, 等. 质子交换膜燃料电池水热管理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020.
	JIAO K, WANG B W, DU Q, et al. Hydrothermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020.
13	PAN M Z, PAN C J, LI C, et al. A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 141: 110771.
14	MOHAMMADI A, CIRRINCIONE G, DJERDIR A, et al. A novel approach for modeling the internal behavior of a PEMFC by using electrical circuits[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(25): 11539-11549.
15	SUN L, JIN Y H, YOU F Q. Active disturbance rejection temperature control of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 261: 114381.
16	BOCK R, KAROLIUSSEN H, POLLET B G, et al. The influence of graphitization on the thermal conductivity of catalyst layers and temperature gradients in proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(2): 1335-1342.
17	罗立中. 超薄均温板及多气路质子交换膜燃料电池堆的输出特性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2021.
	LUO L Z. Study on output characteristics of ultra-thin uniform temperature plate and multi-channel proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack[D].Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2021.
18	LI J W, LI Y P, YU T. Temperature control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on machine learning[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2021, 9: 763099.
19	侯永平, 陈锴, 兰昊. 基于循环工况的燃料电池堆电压一致性评价[J]. 电池, 2021, 51(3): 216-220.
	HOU Y P, CHEN K, LAN H. Evaluation of voltage uniformity of PEMFC stack based on cycle condition[J]. Battery Bimonthly, 2021, 51(3): 216-220.

名称	参数	单位
双极板尺寸	471×104×2	mm
单体数量	260	个
活化面积	300	cm²
氢气歧管横截面积	318	mm²
氧气歧管横截面积	635	mm²
冷却水歧管横截面积	590	mm²

[1]	乔雨田, 刘永峰, 禹永帅, 张璐, 姚圣卓, 裴普成. 温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 870-878.
[2]	曾其权, 罗马吉, 杨印龙, 黄庆泽. 基于LSTM-UPF混合驱动方法的燃料电池寿命预测[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 963-970.
[3]	孔晨华, 张建军, 李旺, 安泰康. 燃料电池在无人机高压输电线路验电系统中的应用展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 492-494.
[4]	白静, 范惠芳, 崔四齐, 许闯, 张毅, 关斯泽, 杨涵斐, 贾一飞, 耿树伟, 郑慧凡. 车用燃料电池散热性能实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 390-395.
[5]	栾凯夫, 蔡长焜, 谢满意, 张纯, 郑坤灿, 安胜利. 固体氧化物燃料电池气流和热场的宏观尺度数值模拟研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(9): 2985-3002.
[6]	杨建青, 罗仁宏, 崔嵘, 王之丰, 郦亦含. 基于超薄均温板的聚合物电解质膜燃料电池堆散热性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(9): 2962-2970.
[7]	李聪, 王桃, 任延杰, 周立波, 陈荐, 陈维. 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极溶解与防护[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(8): 2444-2456.
[8]	禹永帅, 刘永峰, 裴普成, 张璐, 姚圣卓. 阴极相对湿度对PEMFC电解质水含量及性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(6): 1755-1764.
[9]	赵立禹, 孙桓五, 刘世闯, 闫志远. 重卡辅助动力电池加热系统能耗对比及优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(4): 1139-1147.
[10]	王星, 孙俊, 陈宁芳, 闫立. 基于Simscape的质子交换膜燃料电池冷却系统建模与温度控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(3): 857-869.
[11]	刘轲轲, 刘永峰, 裴普成, 姚圣卓, 张璐. 基于科赫曲线的PEMFC新型流道设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3361-3368.
[12]	陈永珍, 韩颖, 宋文吉, 冯自平. 绿氨能源化及氨燃料电池研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 111-119.
[13]	董乐贤, 郑群, 黄悦, 田志鹏, 刘建平, 王超, 梁波, 雷励斌. 管状固体氧化物燃料电池前沿技术研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(1): 131-138.
[14]	刘长洋, 卞刘振, 郜建全, 彭继华, 彭军, 安胜利. 固体氧化物燃料电池La_0.7Sr_0.3Fe_0.9Ni_0.1O_3-_δ 对称电极的电化学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2059-2065.
[15]	田辉, 华栋, 曼茂立, 刘春哲, 李国君, 张兄文. 板式固体氧化物燃料电池积碳特性实验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1314-1321.

大功率燃料电池建模与电压一致性分析

High-power fuel cell modeling and voltage uniformity analysis

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 16

参考文献 19

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价