温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0832

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 870-878.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0832

温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能的影响

乔雨田¹(), 刘永峰¹(), 禹永帅¹, 张璐¹, 姚圣卓¹, 裴普成²

^1.北京建筑大学，北京 100044
^2.清华大学，北京 100084

收稿日期:2023-11-17 修回日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2024-03-28
通讯作者: 刘永峰 E-mail:312814293@qq.com;liuyongfeng@bucea.edu.cn
作者简介:乔雨田（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为质子交换膜燃料电池，E-mail：312814293@qq.com；
基金资助:
汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金课题(KFY2218)

Effect of temperature and humidity variations on the output performance of automotive fuel cells

Yutian QIAO¹(), Yongfeng LIU¹(), Yongshuai YU¹, Lu ZHANG¹, Shengzhuo YAO¹, Pucheng PEI²

^1.Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
^2.Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-11-17 Revised:2023-11-29 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2024-03-28
Contact: Yongfeng LIU E-mail:312814293@qq.com;liuyongfeng@bucea.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能（输出电压和功率）的影响可为高精度进气控制策略提供有效的依据。本工作提出了一个温湿度-电流（temperature and relative humidity-current，TRH-C）模型，该模型考虑了电池内部电化学反应、电渗迁移和加湿冷凝三部分水来源，揭示了电流随温湿度变化规律和由水活度表征的电渗迁移系数计算式。根据电池流道实物在计算软件COMSOL中建立网格，将TRH-C模型导入并应用有限体积法进行计算；搭建了燃料电池测试系统，在工作温度60 ℃和70 ℃、相对湿度分别为50%和100%条件下进行了实验并进行数据处理；并对通过TRH-C模型得到的极化曲线与实验数据进行比较，分析了电流密度和膜水含量分布云图。结果表明，TRH-C模型能预测燃料电池的性能，在工作温度为60 ℃、相对湿度为50%时，电压和功率密度的相对误差最大（电流密度为0.018 A/cm²），分别为3.674%和3.696%。工作温度升高会导致膜水含量降低，但相对湿度增大会导致膜水含量升高。

关键词: 温湿度, 车用燃料电池, 电流密度分布, 水含量

Abstract:

This study aims to examine the impact of temperature and humidity on the output performance of automotive fuel cells. To this end, we propose a temperature and relative humidity-current (TRH-C) model. This model accounts for three sources of water: electrochemical reaction, electroosmotic migration, and humidification and condensation. It reveals the pattern of current variations with temperature and humidity and provides a calculation formula for the electroosmotic migration coefficient characterized by water activity. To implement our model, we established a grid in COMSOL and introduced the TRH-C model, which was then calculated using the finite volume method. We then built a fuel cell test system and conducted experiments at operating temperatures of 60 ℃ and 70 ℃, and relative humidity of 50% and 100%. We compared the polarization curve obtained from the TRH-C model with the experimental data and analyzed the cloud map of current density and film water content distribution. Our findings suggest that the TRH-C model can accurately predict fuel cell performance. However, we observed that when the operating temperature is 60 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50%, the relative errors of voltage and power density (with a current density of 0.018 A/cm²) are the largest, at 3.674% and 3.696%, respectively. We also found that an increase in operating temperature results in a decrease in membrane water content, while an increase in relative humidity leads to an increase in membrane water content.

Key words: temperature and relative humidity, automotive fuel cell, current density distribution, water content

中图分类号:

TM 911

乔雨田, 刘永峰, 禹永帅, 张璐, 姚圣卓, 裴普成. 温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 870-878.

Yutian QIAO, Yongfeng LIU, Yongshuai YU, Lu ZHANG, Shengzhuo YAO, Pucheng PEI. Effect of temperature and humidity variations on the output performance of automotive fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 870-878.

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实验参数	单位	数值
工作温度	℃	60、70
相对湿度	%	50、100
进气压力	MPa	0.1
出口压力	MPa	0.01
阴极进气流量	L/min	5
阳极进气流量	L/min	3
阴极化学计量比	—	2.0
阳极化学计量比	—	1.5
活性面积	cm²	34
阴极催化层比表面积	cm²	2×10⁶
阳极催化层比表面积	cm²	1×10⁷
气体扩散层电导率	S/m	2500
催化电极电导率	S/m	2500
扩散层气体渗透率	m²	5×10^-12
阴极参考交换电流密度	A/cm²	0.01
阳极参考交换电流密度	A/cm²	10
气体扩散层电导率	S/m	2500
催化电极电导率	S/m	2500
气体扩散层孔隙率	—	0.5
催化电极孔隙率	—	0.28
开路电压	V	1.0

温湿度变化对车用燃料电池输出性能的影响

Effect of temperature and humidity variations on the output performance of automotive fuel cells

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