液流电池堆分析与计算程序

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0723

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液流电池图形用户界面（graphic user interface， GUI）整合了电池堆内部电流分布、流体阻力、稳态自然对流散热、结构封装压力和螺柱选型。基本满足研发人员独立进行多学科计算的要求，能初步评估一款电池堆的性能。多分堆构型液流电池堆的等效电路图采用网格法进行简化，并结合基尔霍夫电压定律求解恒流运行时的循环电流，并进一步计算出堆内逐节电池的实际通过电流、板框流道内的旁路电流，以及堆内主通道内汇总的旁路电流。电池堆流体阻力受板框流道设计、外接管路、电极参数和液位落差影响。矩形流道的达西摩擦系数采用经验方程计算，可将湍流阻力计算误差控制到10%，层流阻力计算误差极低，局部阻力系数采用达西3K参数式估算。电极流阻受电解液流经长度、电极渗透率和电解液黏度的影响。由于渗透率公式的计算结果偏离实验测量值较大，所以界面设定为实测值输入。电池堆按照有保温和无保温考虑在集装箱内的自然对流稳态散热，需要的输入参数包括电池堆的几何尺寸、保温层厚度、环境温度和堆内温度。封装力计算所用的单电池结构是板框配合内嵌盖板的形式。力主要用于找平板材翘曲、将密封垫压入密封槽、抵消内部液体压力和材料热膨胀，再以此进行螺柱选型。

关键词: 液流电池, 仿真, 电流, 流体, 热, 力

Abstract:

In this study, graphic user interface (GUI) features such as current distributions inside a stack, fluid resistance, heat loss of free convection in a steady state, stack compression load, and selection of fastening blots were studied. The proposed model allows researchers to conduct multidisciplinary calculations and preliminarily evaluate stack performance. The mesh current method was used to analyze the equivalent circuit diagram of a multiple sub-stack battery, and Kirchhoff's voltage law under the constant-current conditions was used to solve the corresponding mesh currents. This approach could be used to calculate the actual current passing through each cell, bypass currents in channels and accumulated bypass currents. The flow resistance of a battery was indirectly affected by flow channels, stack external pipelines, electrode parameters, and head pressure of a stack. An empirical correction was used to implement the Darcy friction coefficient of rectangular flow channels to mitigate the calculation error of a turbulent flow to lower than 10% and achieve accurate laminar flow. The pressure drop formula of the Darcy 3 K method was used to estimate the coefficient of fittings in a minor loss. The electrolyte flow-through distance, the electrode permeability and electrolyte viscosity were used to determine the flow resistance of an electrode. Because if considerable deviation from the formula for calculated permeability, this factor appraisal was altered by entering the actual measured value. The heat dissipation of a stack inside a container was considered as free convection with and without thermal insulation in the steady state. The required inputs consisted of stack geometric dimensions, thickness of the covered insulations, ambient temperature, and stack-inside temperature. An optimal cell model was depicted as a panel with embedded cover plates that was used to simulate the stack compression load. This force was used to eliminate panel warping to press seals into the sealing grooves to counteract the internal fluid pressure and material thermal expansion and subsequently complete bolt selection.

Key words: redox flow battery, simulation, current, fluid, thermal, force

中图分类号:

TM 911

李昂, 李晓蒙, 李京浩, 张谨奕. 液流电池堆分析与计算程序[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(3): 879-892.

Ang LI, Xiaomeng LI, Jinghao LI, Jinyi ZHANG. A stack model of the redox flow battery analysis and computing program[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(3): 879-892.

图/表 16

图1

图 2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

表3

标准大气压干燥空气迁移性质参数[18]"

参数	T/℃	T/K	$κ / [W / (m · K)]$	$υ x 10 - 5 / (m 2 / s)$	Pr	$α x 10 - 5 / (m 2 / s)$
数值	2	275	0.0243	1.347	0.711	1.89
	27	300	0.0263	1.589	0.705	2.25
	52	325	0.0282	1.822	0.702	2.59

表3

图8

图9

表4

图10

图11

图12

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序号	参数	含义
1	Redox Flow System	ALL V
2	Electrolyte Condition	22 ℃/4 mol H₂SO₄
3	Current Density mA/cm²	200
4	Electrode Width/cm	100
5	Electrode Length/cm	20
6	Number of Sub-stacks	4
7	Number of Cells in Each Sub-stack	25
8	Channel Length/mm	800
9	Channel Width/mm	10
10	Channel Depth/mm	4
11	Manifold Thickness/mm	5
12	Manifold Sectional Area/mm²	2800
13	Branch Length/mm	500
14	Branch Dia./mm	30
15	Main Tube Length/mm	500
16	Main Tube Dia./mm	80

序号	常数	含义
1	Electrolyte Condition	ALL V
2	Unit Area Flow Rate/[mL/(cm²·min)]	2
3	Flow Factor	1
6	Number of 90° Elbows in Channel	1
7	Number of 180° Elbows in Channel	2
8	Number T-Joint in Channel	1
9	Number of 90° Elbows in Branch	1
10	Number of 180° Elbows in Branch	0
11	Channel Surface Roughness mm	0.009
12	Branch Surface Roughness mm	0.007
13	Height Between Inlet & Outlet mm	400
14	Number of Sub-stacks	4
15	Number of Cells in Each Sub-stack	25
16	Electrode Thickness/mm	3
17	Porosity/%	98
18	Darcy Permeability/m²	1.5e-10
19	Channel Length/mm	800
20	Channel Width/mm	10
21	Channel Depth/mm	4
22	Branch Length/mm	500
23	Branch Dia./mm	30

序号	参数	含义
1	Number of Cells	100
2	Number of Thermal Plates	4
3	Stack Height/mm	480
4	Stack Width/mm	1200
5	Cell Thickness/mm	5
6	End Plate Thickness/mm	15
7	End Plate Height/mm	500
8	End Plate Width/mm	1300
9	Lateral Wall Thickness/mm	15
10	Top & Bottom Wall Thickness/mm	15
11	Thermal Plate Thickness/mm	15
12	Insulation Thickness (Front Face)/mm	30
13	Insulation Thickness (Other Face)/mm	20
14	Stack Inside Temperature/℃	40
15	Air Temperature/℃	10

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