储能科学与技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (6): 987-993.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0110

• 电池安全性专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂电池电动车极快速充电的科学与工程问题

王莉1, 冯旭宁1, 胡坚耀2, 何向明1,3, 田光宇3   

  1. 1. 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院, 北京 100084;
    2. 工业和信息化部电子第五研究所, 广东 广州 510610;
    3. 清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-02 修回日期:2018-07-21 出版日期:2018-11-01 发布日期:2018-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 何向明,研究员,研究方向为能源材料与化工,E-mail:hexm@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:王莉(1977-),女,副研究员,研究方向为先进电池材料化学与材料分析,E-mail:wang-1@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国际合作项目（2016YFE0102200）。

Science and engineering issues in extreme fast charging of electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion battery

WANG Li1, FENG Xuning1, HU Jianyao2, HE Xiangming1,3, TIAN Guangyu3   

  1. 1. Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. China CEPREI Laboratory, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2018-07-02 Revised:2018-07-21 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-08-28
  • Contact: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0110

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摘要： “里程焦虑”一直困扰着电动车产业的发展，在电池能量有限的情况下，消费者期望电动车能够在10 min内完成充电，即充电能够像燃油车加油一样的方便快捷。电动车的快速充电一般指充电时间为0.5～2 h，长于2 h为常用的慢速充电，而低于10 min则为极快速充电。本文仅从科学与工程问题出发，从基础设备/设施、电池电源系统、热管理、单体电池设计、电池材料等层面分析了锂离子电池在极快速充电模式面临的一系列挑战，比较了目前技术水平与极快速充电要求之间的差距，对极快速充电需要解决的技术难题进行了凝练，虽然极快速充电目前还没有实现，本文提出了研发方向建议。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 纯电动车, 极快速充电, 科学与工程问题, 发展方向

Abstract: The "mileage anxiety" has been plaguing the development of electric vehicle industry. Except loading batteries of high energy, consumers expect electric vehicles can be charged in 10 minutes, just as convenient and fast as fuel vehicles. Electric vehicles generally are charged between 0.5 and 2 hours as fast-charge, more than 2 hours as ordinary-slow-charging, and less than 10 minutes as called extreme-fast-charging (XFC). In this review, the science and engineering challenges in XFC, specifically for Li-ion batteries powered electric vehicles, are analyzed in terms of infrastructural equipment/facilities, battery pack/powertrain, battery thermal management, single cell design, battery chemistry and material and so on. This paper also analyzes the gap between technical status quo and XFC requirements, clarifies the technical difficulties that need to be solved in extremely fast charging. Although extremely fast charging has not yet been achieved, this paper proposes future R&D directions.

Key words: lithium ion batteries, electric vehicle, extreme fast charge, science and engineering, development trend

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