Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0199

Abstract

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide energy storage (CES) technology is a new physical technology that is based on compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the Brayton power-generation cycle. It has high energy-storage density, long operation life, and compact-system equipment. In addition, it has good development and application prospects. This paper introduces the working principle and basic characteristics of a carbon dioxide energy-storage system and identifies the calculation method and evaluation effect of system round-trip efficiency (RTE) and energy storage density (ESD). The research status of thermoelectrical carbon dioxide energy storage (TE-CES), transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage (TC-CES), supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage (SC-CES), liquid carbon dioxide energy storage (LCES), and the carbon dioxide energy-storage system coupled with other energy systems are summarized by discussing recent relevant domestic and development processes of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages, and adaptive application scenarios of different systems are identified. The research direction, key technologies, and main challenges of carbon dioxide energy storage are summarized. Finally, it identifies the development prospects of carbon dioxide energy storage in technology research and multiscenario application. Presently, a comprehensive analysis shows that the research on carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is mostly theoretical. We need to focus on system optimization design, experimental verification, and industrialized application. Carbon dioxide energy-storage technology is expected to obtain greater development space in the future power energy-storage market.

Key words: large scale long-term energy storage, carbon dioxide energy storage, key technologies, development prospect

CLC Number:

TK 02

Jiahao HAO, Yunkai YUE, Jiajun ZHANG, Junling YANG, Xiaoqiong LI, Yanchang SONG, Zhentao ZHANG. Research status and development prospect of carbon dioxide energy-storage technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(10): 3285-3296.

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储能工质名称	压力/MPa	温度/℃	密度/(kg/m³)	状态
空气	1	30	11.52	气态
	1	-196	887.49	液态
	10	30	283.74	超临界态
	20	30	269.81	超临界态
CO₂	1	30	18.35	气态
	1	-40	1 117.20	液态
	10	40	628.61	超临界态
	20	40	839.81	超临界态

性能	水	砂砾岩石	导热油	相变材料 (以石蜡为例)
比热容 /[kJ/(kg·K)]	4.181	0.83	1.67	2.12
比潜热 /[kJ/(kg·K)]	—	—	—	253.0
密度/(kg/m³)	1 000	1 680	900	780
单价/(USD/kg)	0.000 5	0.03	1	2

研究方向	关键技术	主要挑战
理论设计及优化	热力学循环构建理论、协同优化设计	系统设计及优化方法、实验验证
CO₂临界转换特性	S-CO₂临界转换物性及高效换热机理	近临界点高精度物性测量、传热预测模型和数据分析
系统动态控制策略	负荷需求侧动态响应及时性控制策略	发电动态响应、稳态运行、并网整流、安全保护等
高负荷叶轮机械开发	宽工况高负荷离心压缩机和向心透平设计制造	高效动力旋转机械设计、试验和加工
高效蓄换热设备开发	蓄换热子系统传热传质机理和设备开发	高传热紧凑型换热器和蓄热、蓄冷器开发
高性能材料	高性能、长寿命、耐压材料应用与加工	压力容器、阀门、管道等耐压材料开发

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