Comprehensive performance evaluation standards for energy storage lithium-ion batteries guided by safe and high-quality applications

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0493

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy storage has attracted considerable attention as a key technology enabling the development of smart grids and energy transformation, with battery energy storage represented by lithium-ion batteries becoming one of the preferred storage carriers for large-scale energy storage. However, with the gradual increase in the scale of battery energy storage applications, new challenges and risks in the quality and safety of energy storage systems have emerged. The battery energy storage system is not yet mature as a complete electrical equipment product, and there is uncertainty in the overall safety and quality status of energy storage power stations, resulting in low utilization rates of many existing energy storage power stations. Due to the immaturity and continuous iterative development process of the entire equipment product, it is particularly important to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation around the core component of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage to improve the application level of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations at the current stage, guided by safe and high-quality applications. This research reviews the latest progress of domestic standards related to energy storage of lithium-ion batteries. It provides a detailed analysis of the core standard for lithium-ion battery energy storage and its role in industry development. Based on the evaluation of battery energy storage characteristics and research accumulation of testing technology, a comprehensive solution has been proposed for the full process testing and evaluation of battery energy storage, including testing type, evaluation level, sampling arrival, testing grid connection, and operation assessment testing. It is demonstrated through detailed analysis of each link that the scheme can achieve closed-loop management of the entire chain of energy storage equipment on the grid side, power supply side, and user side involved in grid operation, which is of great significance for enhancing the standardization level of the battery energy storage equipment before the operation, improving the operation reliability of the energy storage power station, and reducing the safety risks of the energy storage power station.

Key words: lithium ion batteries for energy storage, comprehensive performance, energy storage standards, overall solution

CLC Number:

TM 912

Yibiao GUAN, Jinran SHEN, Jialiang LIU, Zhanzhan QU, Fei GAO, Shiyang LIU, Cuijing GUO, Shuqin ZHOU, Shanshan FU. Comprehensive performance evaluation standards for energy storage lithium-ion batteries guided by safe and high-quality applications[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(9): 2946-2953.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

Principles for setting battery operating parameters"

电池层级	工作参数类型	工作参数要求
电池单体	—	与电池单体规格参数表一致
	电压限值	充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
	电压限值	放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	温度限值	高温一级报警温度>高温二级报警温度>高温三级报警温度>高温截止温度
	温度限值	低温一级报警温度<低温二级报警温度<低温三级报警温度<低温截止温度
电池模块	—	与电池模块规格参数表一致
	额定充放电功率	≤电池单体型式检验报告中额定充放电功率×电池模块中电池单体个数
	额定充放电能量	≤电池单体型式检验报告中额定充放电能量×电池模块中电池单体个数
	电压限值	充电电压限值<电池单体充电电压限值×电池模块中电池单体串联个数
		放电电压限值>电池单体放电电压限值×电池模块中电池单体串联个数
		充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
		放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	电池单体工作参数	与电池单体规格参数表一致
电池簇	—	与电池簇规格参数表一致
	额定充放电功率	≤电池模块型式检验报告中额定充放电功率×电池簇中电池模块个数
	额定充放电能量	≤电池模块型式检验报告中额定充放电能量×电池簇中电池模块个数
	电压限值	充电电压限值<电池模块充电电压限值×电池簇中电池模块串联个数
		放电电压限值>电池模块放电电压限值×电池簇中电池模块串联个数
		充电电压一级报警值>充电电压二级报警值>充电电压三级报警值>充电截止电压
		放电电压一级报警值<放电电压二级报警值<放电电压三级报警值<放电截止电压
	电流限值	充电电流一级报警值>充电电流二级报警值>充电电流三级报警值>充电电流截止值
	电流限值	放电电流一级报警值>放电电流二级报警值>放电电流三级报警值>放电电流截止值
	电池模块电压极差限值	电池簇充电电池模块电压极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池模块电压极差截止值
	电池模块电压极差限值	电池簇放电电池模块电压极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池模块电压极差截止值
	电池单体电压极差限值	电池簇充电电池单体电压极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体电压极差截止值
	电池单体电压极差限值	电池簇放电电池单体电压极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体电压极差截止值
	电池单体温度极差限值	电池簇充电电池单体温度极差一级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差二级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差三级报警值>电池簇充电电池单体温度极差截止值
	电池单体温度极差限值	电池簇放电电池单体温度极差一级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差二级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差三级报警值>电池簇放电电池单体温度极差截止值
	绝缘电阻限值	电池簇一级报警绝缘电阻<电池簇三级报警绝缘电阻
	电池模块工作参数	与电池模块规格参数表一致
	电池单体工作参数	与电池单体规格参数表一致

Table 2

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标准名称	标准类型	标准编号	状态
电力储能基本术语	行业标准	DL/T 2528—2022	已发布
电力储能用锂离子电池	国家标准	GB/T 36276	修订完，已报批
电力储能用电池管理系统	国家标准	GB/T 34131—2023	已发布
电化学储能系统储能变流器技术规范	国家标准	GB/T 34120	修订中
储能变流器检测技术规程	国家标准	GB/T 34133	修订中
电化学储能电站接入电网技术规定	国家标准	GB/T 36547	修订中
电化学储能电站接入电网测试规范	国家标准	GB/T 36548	修订中
预制舱式锂离子电池储能系统技术规范	国家标准	—	编制中

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