A comparative study on diffusion-induced stress and thermal stress during discharge of ternary soft pack lithium-ion battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0138

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of diffusion-induced stress and thermal stress on lithium-ion batteries during discharge by establishing an electrochemical-mechanical-thermal coupling model for an 18.5 Ah soft-package NCM111 lithium-ion battery using Comsol Multiphysics 6.0. The analysis encompasses the lithium concentration difference between the centers and surfaces of anode particles, diffusion-induced stress, thermal stress, and expansion behavior at different discharge rates. Diffusion-induced stress is simulated using a one-dimensional electrochemical model and its derivative particle dimension, while thermal stress is addressed through a three-dimensional solid mechanics and heat transfer model. The findings indicate that both diffusion-induced and thermal stresses escalate with an increase in discharge rate, and a lower discharge rate mitigates the stress experienced by the battery. Specifically, diffusion-induced stress in the anode particles correlates with the lithium concentration difference between the centers and surfaces of these particles, intensifying progressively during discharge. In the pre-discharge phase, this concentration difference is higher near the separator than near the collector, with the situation reversing post-discharge. A critical turning point occurs at a depth of discharge (DOD) of 60%-70%, suggesting a similar trend for diffusion-induced stresses. Notably, the diffusion-induced stress in the anode particles reaches the order of MPa, substantially exceeding the thermal stress in the cell, which is on the order of kPa. Furthermore, the maximum thermal stress and displacement in the cell exhibit a linear relationship with the cell's temperature difference, escalating with discharge rate. A distinctive observation is the significant thermal stress at the connection points between the tabs and the cell in soft-pack batteries, in contrast to cylindrical batteries. This comparative analysis of diffusion-induced and thermal stresses during the discharge of ternary soft-pack NCM111 lithium-ion batteries aims to provide theoretical insights for the development and stress monitoring of electrodes and cells.

Key words: ternary soft pack lithium-ion battery, multiphysics coupling model, diffusion-induced stress, thermal stress

CLC Number:

TM 911

Ruizi WANG, Xunliang LIU, Ruifeng DOU, Wenning ZHOU, Juan FANG. A comparative study on diffusion-induced stress and thermal stress during discharge of ternary soft pack lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(4): 1128-1141.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Electrochemical parameters of battery"

参数	负极	隔膜	正极	来源
活性颗粒半径R_s/μm	5	—	3.5	文献[25]
电极材料厚度L_i/μm	65	10	55	文献[25]
孔隙率ε_e	0.23	0.54	0.332	文献[25]
电极固相体积分数ε_s	0.62	—	0.43	文献[25]
参考反应速率常数k/(m/s)	2.2×10^-12	—	2.2×10^-12	假设
初始电解液相浓度c_e,0/(mol/m³)	1200	1200	1200	文献[25]
固相Li⁺初始浓度c_s,0/(mol/m³)	825	—	31982	假设
固相Li⁺最大浓度c_s,max/(mol/m³)	25000	—	36220	假设
电极电荷转移系数α_a,α_c	0.5, 0.5	—	0.5, 0.5	文献[26]
固相电导率σ/(S/m)	100	—	10	文献[27]
Li⁺固相扩散系数D_s/(m²/s)	式(37)	—	3×10^-13	文献[25]
Li⁺液相扩散系数D_e/(m²/s)	—	7.5×10^-11	—	文献[25]
布鲁格曼系数β	1.5	1.5	—	文献[26]
Li⁺传递系数t $+ 0$	—	0.363	—	文献[26]
反应活化能E_a/kJ	20	—	30	文献[25]

Table 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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结构	正极集流体	负极集流体	正极	负极	隔膜	电芯	来源
密度ρ/(kg/m³)	2702	8933	2895	1555	1017	加权平均	文献[25]
比热容C_p /[J/(kg·K)]	1437	385	1270	1437	1978	加权平均	文献[25]
导热系数λ/[W/(m·K)]	1.04	398	1.58	1.04	0.34	加权平均	文献[25]
杨氏模量E/GPa	70	110	—	10	—	0.03304	文献[15]
泊松比ν	0.35	0.35	—	0.3	—	0.3	文献[15]
热膨胀系数α_T/(1/K)	—	—	—	—	—	4.06×10^-6	文献[15]