Temperature rise response of cylindrical lithium-ion cells to surge current

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1059

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries used for energy storage face significant risks. These include overcurrent induced by conduction and induction, and surge currents caused by device failures when integrated into the grid or hybrid systems. However, the temperature rise response of lithium-ion cells under surge current impulses remains poorly understood. This study investigates the temperature behavior of cylindrical ternary lithium-ion cells subjected to surge current impulses of varying amplitudes. Both typical multipoint temperature measurements and three-dimensional infrared observations were employed to analyze the dynamic temperature rise response of the cells. In addition, an electrochemical coupled finite element simulation model was developed to clarify the temperature rise characteristics of the cells. The results indicate that surge currents with waveforms of 8/20 μs and peak values of 7.4, 10.6, and 13.0 kA lead to temperature rises of 0.7 ℃, 1.8 ℃, and 4.2 ℃ at the cell surface, respectively. Notably, surge currents with higher peak values (≥10.6 kA) cause the cathode region to exhibit a higher temperature compared to the anode region, while the separator experiences the lowest temperature rise.

Key words: surge current, temperature rise response, lithium-ion cell, finite element model

CLC Number:

TM 86

Yakun LIU, Siyuan SHEN, Wenyan LEI, Jiaxin GAO, Denghui JIN, Yujun LI, Donghuang LUO, Wei HAO, Zheng LIANG. Temperature rise response of cylindrical lithium-ion cells to surge current[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1574-1584.

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SOC	R_i/mΩ	R_sei/mΩ	C_sei/F	R_ct/mΩ	C_dl/F
0%	103.52	9.61	0.27	16.85	8.52
50%	113.75	3.67	0.96	2.52	15.50
100%	117.12	3.82	1.00	4.85	10.13

参数	数值	参数	数值
负极厚度/μm	300	电芯半径/mm	9
隔膜厚度/μm	60	电芯高度/mm	65
正极厚度/μm	300	电池体积/cm³	16.5
负极体积分数	0.62	正极体积分数	0.48
负极电解质体积分数	0.31	正极电解质体积分数	0.29
外壳厚度/mm	0.22	绝缘胶圈厚度/mm	0.5
极耳厚度/mm	0.1	绝缘垫片厚度/mm	0.1

电芯材料	电导率/(S/m)	热导率/[W/(m·K)]	恒压比热容/[J/(g·K)]
正极材料	50	5	1.0
负极材料	2000	100	1.0
含锂盐的电解液	1	0.5	2.5
隔膜	0.05	0.3	2.0

网格单元参数	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5
最大单元大小	0.653	1.310	2.410	3.460	4.370
最小单元大小	0.0013	0.0049	0.0082	0.0196	0.0196
最大单元增长率/%	1.10	1.20	1.25	1.30	1.30
曲率因子	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.30	0.30
T_{max_20 μs}/℃	2.79E4	2.78E4	2.78E4	2.79E4	2.79E4
T_{max_100 μs}/℃	687	693	706	685	685

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