Discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics of aging batteries

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0408

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently, the aging performance degradation of vehicle power batteries is becoming increasingly prominent, and their performance after aging is concerning. In this study, a 18650-type ncm811 lithium-ion battery was used as the research object to study the discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics after aging. The performance change of the battery after aging is explained by taking the corresponding performance parameters of the new battery of the same model as the reference. The battery's discharge performance was evaluated at varying ambient temperatures and discharge rates. The discharge voltage curve, discharge capacity, and temperature variation of the battery's outer surface during discharge were obtained. The battery's thermal power and heat production during charging and discharging were measured using an isothermal adiabatic calorimeter. The results show that at 25 ℃, the discharge capacity of the aged battery accounts for 72%, 69.5%, 66.2%, and 62.2% of that of the new battery at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C, and the aged battery's surface temperature increase is 147%, 208%, 331%, and 138%, respectively, of that of the new battery. At 0.5 C, -20 ℃, -10 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, and 40 ℃, the aging battery's capacity is 57.5%, 63.4%, 66.9%, 69.5%, and 69.3% of that of the new battery, and the aging battery's temperature increase is 91%, 120%, 106%, 208%, and 146%, respectively, of that of the new battery. During charging and discharging, the aging battery's heat production power and heat production are larger than that of the new battery. However, because the aging battery's charging and discharging times are sometimes short, its heat production power or heat production is smaller than that of the new battery.

Key words: cyclic aging, ambient temperature, discharge doubling rate, heat production power, heat production

CLC Number:

TM 911.3

Bing CHEN, Lili ZHENG, Xichao LI, Yan FENG, Zhuo XU, Zuoqiang DAI. Discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics of aging batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 679-689.

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影响因素	表现形式	性能变化
锂电镀	锂离子丢失	容量衰减
电解液分解
金属化合物结构相变
SEI膜生成过多	阻抗增大，过电压	能量衰减
集流体电流腐蚀	阻抗增大，过电压	能量衰减
金属化合物电离	物质迁移	内阻增加
电解质活性降低	物质迁移	内阻增加
可溶性物质分离	产生气体	安全性降低

名称	数值
倍率容量	2750 mA·h@1 C
典型容量	2900 mA·h@0.2 C
最小容量	2800 mA·h@0.2 C
最大充电电压	4.20 V
标称电压	3.60 V
工作电压范围	2.5～4.2 V
充电温度	0～45 ℃
放电温度	-20～60 ℃
内阻	≤35 mΩ

步骤	程序	截止条件
1	静置(25 ℃)	t≥40 min
2	放电(25 ℃)	电压≤2.75 V
3	静置(25 ℃)	t≥30 min
4	恒流0.5 C充电(25 ℃)	电压≥4.2 V
5	恒压4.2 V充电(25 ℃)	电流≤0.052 A
6	静置(试验所需温度)	t≥40 min
7	放电(试验所需温度、电流)	电压≤2.75 V
8	静置(25 ℃)	t≥40 min
循环步骤4～8	…	…
最后一步	恒流充电	容量≥1.04 A·h

试验步骤	名称	描述
1	Init circulator	油浴温度稳定在25 ℃
2	Init battery	油浴给电池提供环境，使电池温度稳定在25 ℃
3	Stab drop	油浴降低至15 ℃，贴在电池上的补偿(功率)加热器开始工作，使电池稳定在25 ℃
4	Calibration	校准加热器模拟电池工作，系统调控使电池稳定在25 ℃，为测量电池发热提供算法支持
5	Calibration	校准加热器关闭，使各基线稳定
6	Baseline	稳定基线
7	Discharge battery	通过电池充放电仪使电池放电，等温量热仪测量计算数据
8	Baseline	放电结束，测量滞后的产热功率及产热量，稳定基线
9	Discharge end cal	放电结束后自动计算
10	Charge baseline	稳定基线
11	Charge battery	通过充放电仪使电池充电，等温量热仪测量计算数据
12	Baseline	充电结束，测量滞后的产热功率及产热量，稳定基线
13	Charge end cal	充电结束后的自动计算
14	Circulator normal	补偿加热器停止工作，油浴恢复至室温设定值
15	Cool down	油浴停止工作
16	Stop	试验完成，系统停止工作，数据自动保存

新电池	电流倍率	0.5 C	1 C	2 C
充电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.19	0.55	1.6
充电过程	产热量/kJ	0.97	1.53	2.04
放电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.55	1.1	2.77
放电过程	产热量/kJ	0.8	1.73	2.78