Modeling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system based on the Simscape temperature control strategy

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0703

Abstract

Abstract:

To improve the accuracy of the cooling system model of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and control it conveniently and effectively, key cooling system modules, such as an expansion tank, coolant circulating pump, and radiator are constructed based on Simulink/Simscape, and the physical modeling and simulation of the fuel cell cooling system are performed. The temperature of the water-cooled fuel cell stack and the temperature difference between the coolant in and out of the stack are mainly affected by the radiator's airflow and the circulating water flow. Given the strong coupling relationship between the airflow and the circulating water flow, a combined control strategy of the coolant flow following the current control and the linear active disturbance rejection control airflow is proposed, which realizes the decoupling of the cooling fan and the circulating water pump control. Therefore, an elite genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of Active Disturbance Rejection Control to ensure the effectiveness of the control strategy and reduce the workload of setting parameters. When the optimized control strategy is disturbed by the input, the maximum overshoot of the system becomes 1.23% and can be stabilized again within 30 s. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel cell stack can be effectively controlled. Simulation results show that the optimized control approach has excellent resilience and anti-interference ability and can efficiently regulate the stack and coolant temperature difference under the influence of step load current without interference or white noise interference.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, cooling system model, traffic following, active disturbance rejection control, genetic algorithm optimization

CLC Number:

TM 911.42

Xing WANG, Jun SUN, Ningfang CHEN, Li YAN. Modeling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system based on the Simscape temperature control strategy[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 857-869.

Figures/Tables 19

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 2

Experimental data of heat transfer coefficient[16]"

空气流量/( $k g / s$ )	热传导系数/[ $W / (m 2 · K)$ ]
0	20
0.51	35.63
0.65	42.10
0.78	53.46
0.92	59.47
1.17	66.35
1.22	66.74
1.48	73.46
1.66	79.31
1.76	84.10

Table 2

Fig. 4

Table 3

Basic parameter table of water pump, radiator and expansion tank"

关键接口含义	参数名称	参数值
M—质量流量控制信号kg/s	管道横截面积/cm²	20
A1、B1—气体出入口 A2、B2—热液体出入口 H1、H2—上下半部分壁温	水箱体积/L 水箱横截面积/m² 出入口横截面积/cm²	10 0.0625 4.9087
H—管壁温度	管道长度/cm 管道横截面积/cm² 水力直径/cm	200.7984 20 1
K—传热系数控制信号 $W / (m 2 · K)$	换热面积/m²	9.3169
H—管壁温度	管道长度/m 管道横截面积/cm² 水力直径/cm	1 9.375 1
—	质量/kg 比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	3.4521 910

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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References 17

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参数	参数值
燃料电池节数	200
双极板材料	石墨
质子交换膜反应面积	280 cm²
质子交换膜厚度	0.0125 cm
散热方式	水冷
电堆温度	80 ℃

输出功率/kW	冷却液流量/(kg/s)	空气流量/(kg/s)	仿真电堆温度/K	仿真冷却液温差/K	文献电堆温度/K	文献冷却液温差/K	电堆温度相对误差/%	冷却液温差相对误差/%
10	0.15	0.25	347.4	13.4	345.9	15.68	0.43	-14.54
10	0.25	0.15	359.4	8.84	357.1	8.75	0.64	1.03
10	0.35	0.45	326.61	6.88	325.8	7.53	0.25	-8.63
10	0.45	0.35	330.65	5.11	328.8	5.77	0.56	-11.44

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