AGC control strategy incorporating energy storage cluster participation under control performance standards for interconnected grids

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0518

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid advancement of energy storage technologies has enabled the use of their fast regulation capabilities to alleviate power supply pressures on conventional sources during automatic generation control (AGC), enhancing system frequency stability. However, issues such as overcharging, over-discharging, and suboptimal power allocation in energy storage systems during AGC control have led to poor performance evaluations under the control performance standard (CPS). This paper proposes an AGC control strategy that integrates CPS indicators and the real-time state of energy storage. Initially, a dynamic model for frequency regulation is developed based on the AGC control process, and a simplified transfer function is derived according to the response characteristics of each component. To improve the rationality of power allocation, initial distribution between battery energy storage system (BESS) clusters and non-BESS clusters is determined based on the state of charge (SOC), followed by a secondary allocation among individual BESS units considering adjustable power variability. Additionally, controller parameters are fine-tuned using feedback from CPS results to ensure frequency regulation commands align with frequency regulation requirements. Finally, simulations based on actual CPS evaluations, frequency deviations, and the state of energy storage, conducted using data from a northern region's installed capacity, demonstrate that the proposed strategy enhances CPS quality and optimizes the frequency regulation capabilities of energy storage.

Key words: control performance standard, energy storage cluster, automatic generation control, power allocation

CLC Number:

TM 761

Shiqi GUO, Dong GUO, Guozheng SHANG, Tingting WEI, Zixuan ZHENG, Enze CHEN, Jie LI, Jiachen ZHANG. AGC control strategy incorporating energy storage cluster participation under control performance standards for interconnected grids[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 4005-4016.

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考核区间	指标要求	罚款计算原则	奖励计算原则
A（优）	CPS1>200%	不罚款	总罚款金额的60%
B（良）	100%>CPS1>200%&CPS2合格	0.03 AVG_15min(ACE)×(2-CPS1)	总罚款金额的30%
C（中）	100%>CPS1>200%&CPS2不合格	0.03 AVG_15min(ACE)×(2-CPS1)	总罚款金额的10%
D（差）	CPS1<100%	0.15 AVG_15min(ACE)×(2-CPS1)	不奖励

所属时段	时间段	罚款单价(元/kWh)
高峰段	05：00—07：00，10：00—12：00，16：00—20：00	0.15(B、C区)，0.75(D区)
低谷段	02：00—04：00	0.06(B、C区)，0.3(D区)
平时段	其余时段	0.03(B、C区)，0.15(D区)

储能编号	额定功率 /MW	额定容量 /MWh	充电效率	放电效率	基准荷电状态
储能1	40	40	0.9	0.95	0.5
储能2	30	20	0.9	0.8	0.5
储能3	20	5	0.95	0.9	0.5

场景	\|Δf\|均值/Hz	\|Δf\|最大值/Hz	CPS1/%	\|ACE\|均值/MW	\|P_arrb\|均值/MW	等效SOC
场景1	0.04543	0.16703	163.9	0.8999	—	—
场景2	0.04532	0.19035	157.1	0.8845	1.1480	0.315
场景3	0.04252	0.15017	167.0	0.7652	0.0163	0.368
场景4	0.04057	0.14806	167.7	0.7478	0.0037	0.361

场景	CPS合格率/%	日结算罚款额/元	AGC总输出功率指令均值/MW
场景1	57.26	4526.75	4.669
场景2	65.37	6962.98	5.414
场景3	71.85	3877.49	5.248
场景4	90.95	2051.28	4.644