Engineering application of flywheel energy storage in power system

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0255

Abstract

Abstract:

The statistical data at the end of 2018 shows that the new energy power generation is the second largest power generation form in China, but the inherent randomness and volatility of the new energy itself have brought challenges to the stability of the power grid, and the contribution of the new energy units to the peak load regulation and frequency modulation of the power grid can be ignored. One of the ways to deal with this challenge is to build a certain scale of grid level flexible regulation resources represented by flywheel energy storage. The engineering value of flywheel energy storage is reflected by typical application scenarios such as frequency modulation auxiliary service market. By tracking the progress of flywheel energy storage project in recent years, this paper introduces the main subsystem of flywheel energy storage technology and the technical route of major companies and research institutions, and concludes that the engineering application of flywheel energy storage in power system mainly includes grid frequency modulation, renewable energy consumption and micro grid support. When applied to grid frequency modulation, flywheel changes its output according to the area control error of the grid. When applied to renewable energy consumption, flywheel facility has different control modes. In the power output smoothing control mode, the flywheel energy storage facility shall smooth the varying real power output from renewable energy on a continuous basis. By comparing the instantaneous real power output of renewable energy to the average real power output of renewable energy obtained over a field adjustable time period, the flywheel will adjust its power demands to ensure that the average real power output of renewable energy is equal to the sum of the instantaneous real power output of the flywheel and renewable energy. In the dynamic reactive power support control mode, the flywheel energy storage facility shall inject appropriate amount of reactive power at the grid so that the grid reactive power flow nullifies the grid voltage change as a result of average real power injection by renewable energy. The flywheel provide dynamic power support by operating the facility in variable power factor control mode. Reactive power absorption is a continuous function of two variables, one is grid voltage level and another is total real power output from renewable energy and the flywheel. The installation of flywheel energy storage device can make up for the uncertainty of renewable energy generation. However, compared with the power battery energy storage technology, the bottleneck restricting the large-scale application of flywheel energy storage technology lies in the high initial investment cost, and the development direction of grid level flywheel energy storage technology should be higher cost performance, so as to obtain the market share.

Key words: flywheel energy storage, engineering application, secondary frequency regulation, reactive power compensation

CLC Number:

TH 133

TU Weichao, LI Wenyan, ZHANG Qiang, Jia'ao WANG. Engineering application of flywheel energy storage in power system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 869-877.

Figures/Tables 8

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厂家及型号	功率 /kW	电量 /kW?h	转子材料	轴向轴承	径向轴承	电机	最高转速	应用领域
Beacon power	100	25	复合材料	永磁	机械	永磁直流无刷	16000	电网调频
Temporal power	500	50	4340钢	永磁	机械	异步电机	11500	调频、无功补偿
Amber Kinetics	8	32	钢材	电磁	机械	永磁直流无刷	8500	电网储能
KTSi GTR200	200	1.58	复合材料	宝石	永磁	永磁电机	36000	微电网
KTSi GTR333	333	1.58	复合材料	宝石	永磁	永磁电机	36000	轨道交通
VYCON REGEN200	200	0.83	4640钢	电磁	电磁	永磁同步	36750	轨道交通
VYCON VDC450	450	1.74	4640钢	电磁	电磁	永磁同步	36750	不间断电源
Active Power	300	2.9	4340钢	电磁	机械	开关磁阻电机	7700	不间断电源
北京泓慧HHE2503	250	3	钢材	电磁	电磁	永磁同步	10500	不间断电源
航天803所样机	300	1.3	钢材	永磁+电磁	电磁	永磁直流无刷	33000	不间断电源
二重储能EP100	100	0.4	钢材	电磁	机械	开关磁阻电机	7500	不间断电源
清华大学	1000	11.6	34CrNi₃Mo	永磁	机械	永磁同步	2700	石油钻机

电池调频项目地点	投运时间	容量	参与公司	投资额/万元	万元/MW
北京石景山热电厂	2013年9月	2 MW/0.5 MW·h	北京睿能世纪科技有限公司	2260	1130
山西京玉电厂	2015年11月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	北京睿能世纪科技有限公司	5650	627
山西晋能阳光电厂	2017年5月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	北京睿能世纪科技有限公司	4280	475
山西同煤同达电厂	2017年7月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公/中安创盈能源科技产业有限公司	3680	408
贵州清水河电厂	2018年2月	20 MW/10 MW·h	江苏院新能源工程/阳光电源股份有限公司	6776	338
内蒙古上都电厂	2018年5月	18 MW/9 MW·h	深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司	4800	533
粤电云河发电（云浮厂）	2018年12月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	浙江万里扬股份有限公司	5000	555
内蒙古准大电厂	2019年3月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	华泰慧能能源技术有限公司	3600	400
华电忻州广宇电厂	2019年6月	9 MW/4.5 MW·h	国电南京自动化股份有限公司	2650	294
华润郴州鲤鱼江A厂	2019年9月	12 MW/6 MW·h	深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司/科华恒盛股份有限公司	4000	333

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