动力电池轻度电滥用积累造成的性能和安全性劣化研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着车用和储能用锂离子电池能量密度的不断提高，锂离子电池在其整个生命周期的安全性已成为这项技术持续发展的关键问题。电池在使用中出现的电滥用行为对其性能和安全性具有严重影响，然而轻度电滥用积累造成的影响常常由于短时间内反馈不显著而被忽略。本文针对锂电池在电动汽车和电网储能实际使用中最可能遇到的轻度过放电现象，结合电化学测试、断层扫描分析和材料表征技术进行了“材料-电池-性能”多层级分析，并基于中子成像技术深入分析了轻度过放电积累对电池锂元素状态造成的影响。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电滥用, 轻度过放电, 中子成像, 电池安全性

Abstract:

Because the energy density of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for vehicles and grid storage continues to increase, the safety of Li-ion batteries throughout their life cycle has become the key issue for the continuous development of this technology. Electrical abuse behavior considerably affects the performance and safety of batteries; however, the impact of the slight accumulation of electricity is often ignored because the feedback is not considerable in the short term. This study aimed to investigate the slight over-discharge abuse, which is most likely to be encountered in the practical use of electric vehicles and grid storage, by conducting a “material-battery-performance” multi-level analysis by combining electrochemical testing, tomography analysis, and material characterization technologies. In addition, the effect of mild over-discharge accumulation on the lithium state of the battery was analyzed using neutron imaging technology.

Key words: Li-ion battery, electricity abuse, slight over-discharge, neutron imaging, battery safety

中图分类号:

TM 912

马天翼, 王芳, 徐大鹏, 林春景, 刘仕强, 陈立铎. 动力电池轻度电滥用积累造成的性能和安全性劣化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(2): 400-408.

MA Tianyi, WANG Fang, XU Dapeng, LIN Chunjing, LIU Shiqiang, CHEN Liduo. Investigation of the performance and safety degradation caused by slight accumulation of electricity in traction batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 400-408.

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序号	电池状态	产热功率/W
1	新鲜电池	0.1857
2	5次轻度过放电	0.2196
3	10次轻度过放电	0.2312
4	15次轻度过放电	0.2387
5	19次轻度过放电	0.2580

序号	电池状态	平均中子强度	分布半峰宽
1	新鲜电池	154.14	23.02
2	5次轻度过放电	153.29	23.98
3	10次轻度过放电	151.32	24.01
4	15次轻度过放电	143.34	25.96
5	19次轻度过放电	139.89	26.07

材料	a/?	b/?	c/?	c/a	I ₍₀₀₃₎ /I ₍₁₀₄₎
新鲜正极材料	2.8654	2.8654	14.2363	4.9683	2.0105
过放电正极材料	2.8782	2.8782	14.2044	4.9352	1.5870

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