储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (6): 1725-1738.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0169

• 化工与储能专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

实用化复合锂负极研究进展

石鹏1(), 翟喜民2, 杨贺捷2, 赵辰孜1, 闫崇1, 别晓非2, 姜涛2, 张强1()   

  1. 1.清华大学化学工程系,北京 100084
    2.中国第一汽车股份有限公司,吉林 长春 130013
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-30 修回日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2022-06-05 发布日期:2022-06-13
  • 通讯作者: 张强 E-mail:sp17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn;zhang-qiang@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:石鹏(1995—),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为复合金属锂负极,E-mail:sp17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重大科技专项(20210301021GX);国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2500300);北京市自然科学基金(Z200011);国家自然科学基金(22108151);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021TQ0164)

Recent advances in composite lithium anode under practical conditions

SHI Peng1(), ZHAI Ximin2, YANG Hejie2, ZHAO Chenzi1, YAN Chong1, BIE Xiaofei2, JIANG Tao2, ZHANG Qiang1()   

  1. 1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    2.China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-03-30 Revised:2022-05-11 Online:2022-06-05 Published:2022-06-13
  • Contact: ZHANG Qiang E-mail:sp17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn;zhang-qiang@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要:

金属锂由于其超高理论比容量和极低电极电势,被视为下一代高比能电池理想的负极材料之一。然而,在实用化的条件下其巨大的体积膨胀及不均匀锂沉积等问题成为障碍。构建三维复合金属锂负极是调控金属锂沉积的有效方法。本文首先对实用化条件下[超薄金属锂(<50 μm),较低的负极/正极面容量比(<3.0)和较低的电解液量下(<3.0 g/Ah)]金属锂的沉积脱出规律进行总结,指出复合锂负极的设计是解决金属锂负极问题的有效途径。其次,本文从骨架材料的角度出发,综述了当前实用化条件下应用纳米以及微米结构骨架的复合锂负极的研究进展。目前人们也将制备的复合锂负极逐步在实用化条件下进行评测,并应用在软包电池中取得了较好的效果。在此基础上,本文还总结了当前复合锂负极研究面临的问题,指出应该采用解构的方法分析骨架的单个参数对锂沉积脱出行为的影响,从而对骨架材料进行理性的设计。同时,我们展望了复合锂负极未来的研究方向,以望促进高比能金属锂电池的发展。

关键词: 金属锂, 实用化, 复合负极, 三维骨架, 锂金属电池

Abstract:

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as an ideal anode material for realizing next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, numerous difficulties, such as large volume growth and uneven Li deposition, severely limit its practical implementation. The introduction of a three-dimensional composite Li anode is an essential approach for modulating Li plating/stripping. Furthermore, a high-energy-density Li metal pouch battery should rely on practical conditions, such as ultrathin Li metal anode (<50 μm), low negative/positive electrode areal capacity ratio (<3.0), and lean electrolyte (<3.0 g/Ah). This study outlines the behavior of Li plating/stripping under actual situations and concludes that the use of composite Li anodes is an effective solution to overcome the aforementioned difficulties. Furthermore, the research development of composite Li anode based on the material structure under realistic conditions is discussed. Currently, the prepared composite Li anode has also been gradually assessed under practical conditions, and has been used in pouch cells and achieved good performance. Host materials will invariably introduce new interfaces, and ion transport regulation at these interfaces should be explored. Li plating/stripping behaviors within the host should be regulated to limit the formation of Li dendrites in the internal space. The intrinsic property of lithiophilicity should be explored further.Furthermore, the effect of single host characteristics on plating/stripping behaviors should be studied using a deciphering approach to achieve logical host material design. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of composite Li anode are discussed to promote the development of high-energy-density Li metal batteries.

Key words: lithium metal, practical conditions, composite anode, three-dimensional host, rechargeable batteries

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