储能科学与技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (6): 1313-.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2017.0132

• 进展与评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

电化学储能器件恒流与恒功率充放电特性比较

王  超1，郭继鹏1,2，钟国彬1，徐凯琪1，苏  伟1，项宏发2   

  1. 1广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院，广东 广州 510080；2合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院，安徽 合肥 230009
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-01 修回日期:2017-08-24 出版日期:2017-11-01 发布日期:2017-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 王超（1988—），男，工程师，研究方向为化学储能技术及其在电力系统中的应用，E-mail：wangchaomly@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFB0901600），中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目（GDKJXM00000039，GDKJXM20160000）。

Comparisons on the characteristics of electrochemical energy storage devices with the constant current testing and constant power testing

WANG Chao1, GUO Jipeng1,2, ZHONG Guobin1, XU Kaiqi1, SU Wei1, XIANG Hongfa2   

  1. 1Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
  • Received:2017-08-01 Revised:2017-08-24 Online:2017-11-01 Published:2017-11-01

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摘要： 电化学储能系统的并网应用往往要求电池等储能器件以恒功率充放电方式运行，这与其在生产、试验过程中常用的恒流充放电方式存在差异。为掌握不同类型的电化学储能器件在恒功率与恒流充放电模式下的运行特性差异，本工作选取商用超级电容器、阀控式铅酸蓄电池和磷酸铁锂电池进行了不同倍率下的恒流和恒功率充放电测试，并对其充放电曲线、容量、能量、效率等性能参数进行分析比较，结果发现3种储能器件表现出不同的特性。超级电容器倍率性能优越，能量效率高，两种模式下性能大致相同，功率条件下能量效率较高，在特定倍率下达到峰值；铅酸蓄电池倍率性能较差，能量效率相对较低，应尽量避免其超过6 h率大电流/功率充放电，实际应用过程中需对其功率条件下的相关参数进行校准；磷酸铁锂电池兼具能量密度高和倍率性能好的优点，两种模式下性能相近，表现出良好的综合性能。

关键词: 电化学储能, 恒流充放电, 恒功率充放电, 超级电容器, 铅酸蓄电池, 磷酸铁锂电池

Abstract:

 When electrochemical energy storage systems are applied on-grid, the energy storage devices need to work under constant power(CP) conditions, which is different from the usual constant current(CC) testing methods. In order to know the performance of different kinds of energy storage devices under CP and CC testing conditions, commercial Supercapacitors, Valve Regulated Sealed Lead-acid Batteries(VRLA) and LiFePO4 batteries(LFP) were measured under CC and CP conditions at different rates respectively, with parameters such as voltage-capacity curves, capacity, energy and efficiency analyzed. It is found that the three kinds of energy storage devices revealed quite different performances. Supercapacitors exhibit excellent rate performance and high energy efficiency. There is no obvious difference between the CC and CP modes, while the energy efficiency is higher under the CP condition, which can reach its maximum at a certain rate. VRLA shows a poor rate performance and lower energy efficiency. Large current/power higher than 6 h-rate should be avoided for practical application, and the relevant parameters under power-based conditions need to be checked for correction. LFP battery has high energy density and outstanding rate performance, with quite similar performance under CC and CP conditions, exhibiting an excellent comprehensive property.

Key words: electrochemical energy storage, constant current charging and discharging, constant power charging and discharging, supercapacitor, lead-acid battery, LiFePO4 battery