锂离子电池失效中析锂现象的原位检测方法综述

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0115

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锂离子电池在应用过程中常出现一些失效现象如循环寿命缩短、自放电率变大、功率特性劣化等，甚至发生安全问题。负极析锂是导致这些失效甚至安全问题的主要因素之一，因此了解析锂的原因与过程就显得格外重要。探明析锂原因的关键是表征锂的存在和锂枝晶的生长过程。本文综述了锂离子电池负极析锂现象常用的原位检测技术，包括物理检测法和电化学法。物理检测法主要介绍：光学原位技术、原位X射线技术、原位核磁技术以及原位中子技术，电化学方法包含：充放电电压曲线法、Arrhenius法、内阻容量曲线分析法和容量衰减率法。本文针对物理检测法的原理、优缺点以及对应的特殊检测装置实例，电化学检测法的原理及分析方法等进行简要概述，并对目前析锂原位检测存在的问题进行总结及其研究方向进行展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 失效, 析锂, 原位检测

Abstract: The failure problems, associated with shortened cycle life, increased self-discharge rate, deteriorated power performance and ect., often occur in the application of lithium ion batteries. They may even lead to safety problems under harsh conditions. Lithium deposition is considered as one of the most important factors leading to these failures and even safety problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze the formation and growth process of lithium dendrites. In this paper, the in-situ detection techniques of lithium deposition in lithium batteries are reviewed, including physical and electrochemical methods. Physical detection methods are systematically introduced, such as optical in-situ technology, in-situ X ray technology, in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance technology and in-situ neutron technology. The electrochemical methods include charge-discharge voltage curve method, Arrhenius method, internal resistance-capacity curve analysis method and capacity decay rate method. The principle, advantages, limitations, and corresponding special detection device of the above physical methods, and the principle and analysis method of electrochemical methods are introduced. Furthermoere, the problems of in-situ detection techniques are summarized and the future research direction is put forward.

Key words: Li-ion battery, failure problems, lithium dendrites, in situ detection

中图分类号:

TK911

樊亚平, 晏莉琴, 简德超, 吕桃林, 俞梦, 王振宇, 张全生, 解晶莹. 锂离子电池失效中析锂现象的原位检测方法综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(6): 1040-1049.

FAN Yaping, YAN Liqin, JIAN Dechao, LYU Taolin, YU Meng, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Quansheng, XIE Jingying. In situ detection of lithium dendrite in the failure of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(6): 1040-1049.

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