湿法冶金回收技术中无机酸作为浸出剂的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近几年电动汽车的迅速普及，使得锂离子电池的生产需求激增，因此废旧锂离子电池数量也迅速增长。废旧锂离子电池随意丢弃造成严重的环境污染，威胁人类健康，同时造成大量资源浪费。从环境保护和资源利用的角度来说，废旧锂离子电池的回收直接解决了资源分布不均衡以及环境污染等问题，因此，发展回收技术迫在眉睫。然而废旧锂离子电池的回收技术由于工艺流程复杂、成本高、二次污染等问题，未得到广泛的应用。目前湿法冶金技术是废旧锂离子电池回收方法中最具有前景的工艺，其工艺流程简单、回收利用率高、成本较低。本文详述了目前湿法冶金回收技术中无机酸作为浸出剂的研究进展，着重介绍了几种常用无机酸的特点，重点比较了各种无机酸在浸出过程中的反应条件和金属浸出效率，此外还对浸出过程中热力学反应机理进行了分析。在今后的研究中，应大力推进废旧锂离子电池回收技术的发展，寻求一个更加环保、通用的工艺，同时还应重点研究反应机理，探索更加高效的回收方法。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 湿法冶金, 回收, 无机酸, 反应机理

Abstract:

With the recent popularity of electric vehicles, the production demand for lithium-ion batteries has soared, and a corresponding number of spent lithium-ion batteries has also rapidly increased. Discarded lithium-ion batteries can contribute to environmental pollution, threaten human health, and are a waste of precious resources. From the point of view of environmental protection and resource utilization, recovering spent lithium-ion batteries directly addresses both the resource and pollution problems, so it is of the utmost importance to develop recycling technologies. Unfortunately, the recycling technologies of spent lithium-ion batteries are not widely used due to the complex process, high cost, and potential secondary pollution. At present, the hydrometallurgical technology is the most promising for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries. The process is simple, the recovery efficiency is high, and the cost is low. In this paper, the following topics are covered: ① the research progress using an inorganic acid as a leaching agent in hydrometallurgical recovery technologies is described in detail; ② the characteristics of several commonly used inorganic acids are introduced; ③ the reaction conditions and metal leaching efficiency of various inorganic acids are compared, and ④ the thermodynamic reaction mechanism during leaching is analyzed. In future research, it is necessary to vigorously promote the development of technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries and to find a more environmentally friendly and universal process. Along with this development, the field should focus on understanding the reaction mechanism and explore more efficient recovery methods.

Key words: spent lithium-ion batteries, hydrometallurgy, recycling, leaching agent, mechanism

中图分类号:

TM 911

李林林, 王昱杰, 门一飞, 杨伟, 邹汉波, 陈胜洲. 湿法冶金回收技术中无机酸作为浸出剂的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 68-76.

Linlin LI, Yujie WANG, Yifei MEN, Wei YANG, Hanbo ZOU, Shengzhou CHEN. Research progress of inorganic acids in hydrometallurgical recovery technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 68-76.

图/表 3

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