高压储氢容器研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0309

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

介绍了几种高压气态储氢容器，包括高压储氢气瓶、高压复合储氢罐和玻璃储氢容器。高压储氢气瓶包括全金属气瓶和纤维复合材料缠绕气瓶，其具有充放氢简单、氢气浓度高等优点，是目前唯一商业使用的高压储氢容器。高压复合储氢罐是通过储氢材料存储氢气实现固态储氢，并在粉体材料之间的空隙也参与储氢，实现气-固混合储氢，具有体积储氢密度大、充氢速度快、低温下工作性能好等优点。玻璃储氢容器包括空心玻璃微球和玻璃毛细管阵列，是一种新型的高压储氢容器，其具有质量体积密度高、安全性好、成本低、无氢脆现象等优点，有望与燃料电池组合应用于各种移动电子设备。目前相关理论研究已证明了其有作为储氢容器的潜力，但由于其相关配套等器件还不完善，离商业化应用还有一段距离。本文比较了几种商用的高压储氢气瓶性能，重点介绍了玻璃储氢容器的储氢机理、技术现状及相关研究，并对几种储氢容器未来的技术研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 高压气态储氢, 高压气瓶, 空心玻璃微球, 玻璃毛细管阵列

Abstract:

This study introduced several high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage containers, including high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, high-pressure composite hydrogen storage tanks, and glass hydrogen storage containers. High-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders include all-metal gas cylinders and fiber composite material-wound gas cylinders. The only commercially available high-pressure hydrogen storage container has the advantages of easy hydrogen release and high hydrogen concentration. The high-pressure composite hydrogen storage tank used hydrogen storage materials to store hydrogen and achieve solid hydrogen storage; the gap between the powder materials also participated in hydrogen storage to accomplish gas-solid mixed hydrogen storage. This method had the advantages of high volumetric hydrogen storage density, fast hydrogen charging speed, and good working performance at low temperatures. The glass hydrogen storage containers included hollow glass microspheres and a capillary glass array. This was a new type of high-pressure hydrogen storage container that had the advantages of high mass and volume density, good safety, low-cost parameters, and did not undergo hydrogen embrittlement. It was initially anticipated that this type of container would be combined with fuel cells and applied to various electronic mobile devices. However, due to imperfections in its related supporting devices, additional development is required for its commercial application. This paper compared the performance of several commercial high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. It focused on the hydrogen storage mechanism, the technical status, and the research related to glass hydrogen storage tanks. It posited future technical research directions related to several types of hydrogen storage tanks.

Key words: high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, high-pressure gas cylinders, hollow glass microspheres, glass capillary arrays

中图分类号:

TQ 03

李建, 张立新, 李瑞懿, 杨啸, 张挺. 高压储氢容器研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1835-1844.

Jian LI, Lixin ZHANG, Ruiyi LI, Xiao YANG, Ting ZHANG. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage vessels： Current status and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1835-1844.

图/表 4

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