石蜡/Fe3O4纳米颗粒复合相变材料在管壳式储热单元中的储/放热性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0311

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相变储热技术凭借其储热密度高、温度波动小、成本低廉等优势在太阳能利用和余热回收等领域具有巨大应用潜力，但相变材料的低导热系数严重限制了其实际应用。为此，本文运用“两步法”制备出不同质量分数的石蜡/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒高导热系数复合相变材料，对其热物性进行了综合表征，并将其与纯石蜡在管壳式储热单元中的储/放热性能进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：与纯石蜡相比，Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒能够有效地提高复合相变材料的导热系数；当纳米颗粒的质量分数为5%时，固态和液态导热系数分别提升了53%和79%，完全熔化和凝固时间可分别缩短29.69%和29.81%；尽管复合相变材料的储热量和放热量分别下降了5.62%和7.32%，但是储热和放热过程的?效率分别提升了0.43%和3.37%；Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的添加降低了储热和放热过程中的自然对流强度。

关键词: 相变储热, 石蜡, 纳米颗粒, 导热系数, 管壳式储热单元

Abstract:

Phase change thermal energy storage technology has remarkable application potential in the use of solar energy and the recovery of waste heat, based on its advantages of high thermal storage density, low-temperature variation, and low cost. However, its practical application is limited by the low thermal conductivity of phase-change materials (PCMs). Thus, in this paper, paraffin/nano-iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) composite PCMs with different fraction masses were prepared using a two-step technique to enhance the thermal conductivity of the PCMs, and its thermo-physical properties were comprehensively characterized. In addition, the charging and discharging performance of composite PCMs were investigated and compared with that of pure paraffin. The results showed that adding nano-Fe₃O₄ could effectively improve the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs compared with pure paraffin. When the mass fraction of nano-Fe₃O₄ was 5%, the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs could be enhanced by 53% in a solid-state and by 79% in a liquid state, and the total melting and solidification time could be shortened by 29.69% and 29.81%, respectively. Although the stored and released heat declined by 5.62% and 7.32%, the exergy efficiency was improved by 0.43% and 3.37% during the charging and discharging processes. The intensity of natural convection heat transfer in the charging and discharging processes was weakened by nano-Fe₃O₄.

Key words: phase change thermal energy storage, paraffin, nanoparticle, thermal conductivity, shell and tube thermal energy storage unit

中图分类号:

TK 02

鲁博辉, 师志成, 张永学, 赵泓宇, 王梓熙. 石蜡/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒复合相变材料在管壳式储热单元中的储/放热性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1709-1719.

Bohui LU, Zhicheng SHI, Yongxue ZHANG, Hongyu ZHAO, Zixi WANG. Investigation of the charging and discharging performance of paraffin/nano-Fe₃O₄ composite phase change material in a shell and tube thermal energy storage unit[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1709-1719.

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复合相变材料	导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)		导热系数增长率/%	参考文献
复合相变材料	纯相变材料	相变材料/纳米颗粒	导热系数增长率/%	参考文献
石蜡/1.20%CuO	0.217(固态)	0.270(固态)	24.40	[12]
石蜡/10.00%Al₂O₃	0.197(固态)	0.259(固态)	31.47	[13]
石蜡/10.00%Al₂O₃	0.148(液态)	0.167(液态)	12.84	[13]
棕榈酸/10.00%TiO₂	0.195(固态)	0.350(固态)	79.49	[14]
石蜡/0.02%纳米石墨	0.300(固态)	0.360(固态)	20.00	[15]
石蜡/1.00%炭黑	0.260(固态)	0.323(固态)	24.23	[17]
石蜡/1.50%TiO₂-Ag	0.240(固态)	0.466(固态)	94.17	[18]
石蜡/5.00%Fe₃O₄	0.269(固态)	0.411(固态)	52.79	本研究
石蜡/5.00%Fe₃O₄	0.181(液态)	0.324(液态)	79.01	本研究

参数	纯石蜡		复合相变材料
参数	熔化过程	凝固过程	熔化过程	凝固过程
密度/(kg·m^-3)	798.37	798.37	817.62	817.62
固相线温度/K	321.28	313.43	320.80	314.38
液相线温度/K	329.78	321.69	327.60	320.59
相变潜热/(J·g^-1)	203.56	200.46	186.50	176.04
体膨胀系数/(1·K^-1)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
比热容/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	-819.402+9.08T	84.048+6.08T	-6.975+6.5T	1325.359+2.14T
导热系数/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.9258226-0.002204T	0.9258226-0.002204T	1.063056-0.002186T	1.063056-0.002186T
动力黏度/(Pa·s)	0.06498063-0.000173852T	0.06498063-0.000173852T	0.4566513-0.001116444T	0.4566513-0.001116444T

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石蜡/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒复合相变材料在管壳式储热单元中的储/放热性能研究

Investigation of the charging and discharging performance of paraffin/nano-Fe₃O₄ composite phase change material in a shell and tube thermal energy storage unit

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