老化电池的放电性能与充放电产热特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0408

储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 679-689.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0408

老化电池的放电性能与充放电产热特性

陈兵^1,^2,³(), 郑莉莉^1,^2,³, 李希超⁴, 冯燕^1,^2,³, 许卓^1,^2,³, 戴作强^1,^2,³()

^1.青岛大学机电工程学院，山东青岛 260071
^2.青岛大学动力集成及储能系统工程技术中心，山东青岛 260071
^3.电动汽车智能化动力集成技术国家地方联合工程技术中心(青岛)，山东青岛 260071
^4.中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司储能事业部，山东青岛 260071

收稿日期:2021-08-06 修回日期:2021-10-12 出版日期:2022-02-05 发布日期:2022-02-08
通讯作者: 戴作强 E-mail:1504847530@qq.com;daizuoqiangqdu@163.com
作者简介:陈兵（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新能源电动汽车，E-mail：1504847530@qq.com；
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR201709240128)

Discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics of aging batteries

Bing CHEN^1,^2,³(), Lili ZHENG^1,^2,³, Xichao LI⁴, Yan FENG^1,^2,³, Zhuo XU^1,^2,³, Zuoqiang DAI^1,^2,³()

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao 260071, Shandong, China
^2.Engineering Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 260071, Shandong, China
^3.National and Local Joint Engineering Technology Center for Intelligent Power Integration Technology for Electric Vehicles (Qingdao), Qingdao 260071, Shandong, China
^4.Energy storage division of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Vehicle Research Institute Co. , Ltd, Qingdao 260071, Shandong, China

Received:2021-08-06 Revised:2021-10-12 Online:2022-02-05 Published:2022-02-08
Contact: Zuoqiang DAI E-mail:1504847530@qq.com;daizuoqiangqdu@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前车用动力电池老化性能衰退问题日益凸显，动力电池老化后的性能受到了广泛关注。本文以18650型NCM811锂离子电池为研究对象，探究电池老化后的放电性能和充放电产热特性。为说明电池老化后的性能变化，以同型号新电池的对应性能参数作为参考量。开展了不同环境温度和不同放电倍率条件下电池的放电性能试验，得到电池放电电压曲线、放电容量以及放电过程中电池外表面的温度变化规律。并用等温绝热量热仪测试电池在充放电过程中的产热功率及产热量。结果表明：25 ℃时，0.2 C、0.5 C、1 C、2 C放电，老化电池放电容量分别占新电池放电容量的72%、69.5%、66.2%、62.2%，老化电池表面温升分别是新电池的147%、208%、331%、138%；0.5 C时，-20 ℃、-10 ℃、0 ℃、20 ℃、40 ℃放电，老化电池容量分别是新电池的57.5%、63.4%、66.9%、69.5%、69.3%，老化电池温升分别是新电池温升的91%、120%、106%、208%、146%；充放电过程中，老化电池的产热功率和产热量基本大于新电池，但由于老化电池有时充放电时间较短，会出现老化电池产热功率或产热量小于新电池的情况。

关键词: 循环老化, 环境温度, 放电倍率, 产热功率, 产热量

Abstract:

Currently, the aging performance degradation of vehicle power batteries is becoming increasingly prominent, and their performance after aging is concerning. In this study, a 18650-type ncm811 lithium-ion battery was used as the research object to study the discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics after aging. The performance change of the battery after aging is explained by taking the corresponding performance parameters of the new battery of the same model as the reference. The battery's discharge performance was evaluated at varying ambient temperatures and discharge rates. The discharge voltage curve, discharge capacity, and temperature variation of the battery's outer surface during discharge were obtained. The battery's thermal power and heat production during charging and discharging were measured using an isothermal adiabatic calorimeter. The results show that at 25 ℃, the discharge capacity of the aged battery accounts for 72%, 69.5%, 66.2%, and 62.2% of that of the new battery at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C, and the aged battery's surface temperature increase is 147%, 208%, 331%, and 138%, respectively, of that of the new battery. At 0.5 C, -20 ℃, -10 ℃, 0 ℃, 20 ℃, and 40 ℃, the aging battery's capacity is 57.5%, 63.4%, 66.9%, 69.5%, and 69.3% of that of the new battery, and the aging battery's temperature increase is 91%, 120%, 106%, 208%, and 146%, respectively, of that of the new battery. During charging and discharging, the aging battery's heat production power and heat production are larger than that of the new battery. However, because the aging battery's charging and discharging times are sometimes short, its heat production power or heat production is smaller than that of the new battery.

Key words: cyclic aging, ambient temperature, discharge doubling rate, heat production power, heat production

中图分类号:

TM 911.3

陈兵, 郑莉莉, 李希超, 冯燕, 许卓, 戴作强. 老化电池的放电性能与充放电产热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 679-689.

Bing CHEN, Lili ZHENG, Xichao LI, Yan FENG, Zhuo XU, Zuoqiang DAI. Discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics of aging batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 679-689.

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影响因素	表现形式	性能变化
锂电镀	锂离子丢失	容量衰减
电解液分解
金属化合物结构相变
SEI膜生成过多	阻抗增大，过电压	能量衰减
集流体电流腐蚀	阻抗增大，过电压	能量衰减
金属化合物电离	物质迁移	内阻增加
电解质活性降低	物质迁移	内阻增加
可溶性物质分离	产生气体	安全性降低

名称	数值
倍率容量	2750 mA·h@1 C
典型容量	2900 mA·h@0.2 C
最小容量	2800 mA·h@0.2 C
最大充电电压	4.20 V
标称电压	3.60 V
工作电压范围	2.5～4.2 V
充电温度	0～45 ℃
放电温度	-20～60 ℃
内阻	≤35 mΩ

步骤	程序	截止条件
1	静置(25 ℃)	t≥40 min
2	放电(25 ℃)	电压≤2.75 V
3	静置(25 ℃)	t≥30 min
4	恒流0.5 C充电(25 ℃)	电压≥4.2 V
5	恒压4.2 V充电(25 ℃)	电流≤0.052 A
6	静置(试验所需温度)	t≥40 min
7	放电(试验所需温度、电流)	电压≤2.75 V
8	静置(25 ℃)	t≥40 min
循环步骤4～8	…	…
最后一步	恒流充电	容量≥1.04 A·h

试验步骤	名称	描述
1	Init circulator	油浴温度稳定在25 ℃
2	Init battery	油浴给电池提供环境，使电池温度稳定在25 ℃
3	Stab drop	油浴降低至15 ℃，贴在电池上的补偿(功率)加热器开始工作，使电池稳定在25 ℃
4	Calibration	校准加热器模拟电池工作，系统调控使电池稳定在25 ℃，为测量电池发热提供算法支持
5	Calibration	校准加热器关闭，使各基线稳定
6	Baseline	稳定基线
7	Discharge battery	通过电池充放电仪使电池放电，等温量热仪测量计算数据
8	Baseline	放电结束，测量滞后的产热功率及产热量，稳定基线
9	Discharge end cal	放电结束后自动计算
10	Charge baseline	稳定基线
11	Charge battery	通过充放电仪使电池充电，等温量热仪测量计算数据
12	Baseline	充电结束，测量滞后的产热功率及产热量，稳定基线
13	Charge end cal	充电结束后的自动计算
14	Circulator normal	补偿加热器停止工作，油浴恢复至室温设定值
15	Cool down	油浴停止工作
16	Stop	试验完成，系统停止工作，数据自动保存

新电池	电流倍率	0.5 C	1 C	2 C
充电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.19	0.55	1.6
充电过程	产热量/kJ	0.97	1.53	2.04
放电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.55	1.1	2.77
放电过程	产热量/kJ	0.8	1.73	2.78

老化电池的放电性能与充放电产热特性

Discharge performance and charge-discharge heat generation characteristics of aging batteries

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参考文献 35

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老化电池	电流倍率	0.5 C	1 C	2 C
充电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.31	0.79	1.32
充电过程	产热量/kJ	1.11	1.28	1.3
放电过程	最大产热功率/W	0.75	1.65	3.16
放电过程	产热量/kJ	1.19	1.85	2

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