18650三元锂离子电池的放电热特性

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过某18650型NCM锂离子电池在恒温箱温度为40 ℃、25 ℃时的0.5 C、1 C、2 C放电倍率实验与0 ℃、-25 ℃时0.5 C倍率的放电实验，得到不同温度与放电倍率下电池的电压与温度曲线，并验证电化学-热耦合模型的可靠性，在25 ℃时模型精确度最高，电压误差为0.07 V，温度误差为0.8 ℃，-25 ℃时精确度最低，电压误差为0.6 V，温度误差为1.5 ℃。借助模型进行25 ℃时电池的电极产热分析，并模拟25 ℃温度条件下2 C放电时的温度场分布，放电结束时电池正负极极耳处温度最高，具体数值为34.8 ℃，与气流正对的电池表面的温度最低，数值为34 ℃，在气流后侧距电池中心50 mm处的模型边界处受电池产热与气流的影响温度上升4 ℃。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 电化学-热耦合模型, 放电倍率, 温度

Abstract:

A 18650 NCM LIB was tested at 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C discharge rates at 40 ℃ and 25 ℃ in the incubator, and 0.5 C at 0 ℃ and -25 ℃, respectively. The voltage and temperature curves under different conditions were obtained. The reliability of the electrochemical thermal coupling model was verified; the accuracy of the model was the highest at 25 ℃, the voltage error was 0.07 V, and the temperature error was 0.8 ℃; the accuracy was the lowest at -25 ℃, the voltage error was 0.6 V, and the temperature error was 1.5 ℃. The model was used to analyze the electrode heat generation at 25 ℃ and simulate the temperature field during 2 C discharge at 25 ℃. At the end of discharge, the temperature at the positive and negative electrode ears of the battery was the highest, with the specific value of 34.8 ℃. The temperature of the battery surface directly opposite to the air flow was the lowest, with the value of 34 ℃. At the model boundary, 50mm away from the battery center, behind the air flow, the temperature rose by 4 ℃.

Key words: lithium ion battery, electrochemical thermal coupling model, discharge rate, temperature

中图分类号:

X 932

冯燕, 郑莉莉, 戴作强, 王栋, 贾隆舟, 尹涛. 18650三元锂离子电池的放电热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 319-325.

Yan FENG, Lili ZHENG, Zuoqiang DAI, Dong WANG, Longzhou JIA, Tao YIN. Thermal characteristics of 18650 ternary Li-ion battery during discharge[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 319-325.

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项目	数值
标称容量	2600 mA·h
最大充电电压	4.20 V
标称电压	3.60 V@0.2 C
工作电压范围	2.75～4.2 V
充电温度	0～45 ℃
放电温度	-25～60 ℃
内阻	≤65 mΩ

步骤	程序	截止条件
1	静置(25 ℃)	t≥60 min
2	放电(25 ℃)	电压≤2.75 V
3	静置(25 ℃)	t≥60 min
4	恒流0.5 C充电(25 ℃)	电压≥4.2 V
5	恒压4.2 V充电(25 ℃)	电流≤0.052 A
6	静置(试验所需温度)	t≥60 min
7	放电(试验所需温度、电流)	电压≤2.75 V
8	静置(25 ℃)	t≥60 min
循环步骤4～8	…	…
最后一步	恒流充电	容量≥1.04 A·h

参数	参数物理意义	单位	Cu箔	负极	隔膜	正极	Al箔
L	厚度	m	8×10^-6	70×10^-6	20×10^-6	70×10^-6	10×10^-6
r	粒子半径	m		2.5×10^-6		1.7×10^-6
ρ	密度	kg/m³	8933	1347	1008	2328	2600
C_p	比热容	J/(kg·K)	385	1437	1978	1269	875
k_T	导热系数	W/(m·K)	398	1.04	0.344	1.58	238

参数	试验环境温度/℃
参数	40			25			0	-25
放电倍率/C	0.5	1	2	0.5	1	2	0.5	0.5
试验温升/℃	1.3	2	8.7	1.7	3	9.0	2.8	3.2
仿真温升/℃	1.3	2.3	8.5	2.2	2.9	9.5	3.5	2.7
最大误差/℃	0.5	0.3	1	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7	1..5

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