基于动态可重构电池网络的储能系统本质安全机制及实例分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电化学储能的快速发展，储能系统本质安全的问题日益凸显。然而，电池单体固有的差异性与传统固定串并联成组方式的不匹配所带来的电池系统“短板效应”是造成目前电化学储能系统安全性和经济性问题的本质原因。近年来，基于动态可重构电池网络(dynamically reconfigurable battery network，DRBN)的数字储能系统得到了广泛的关注。DRBN通过低功耗功率半导体器件与电池进行深度耦合，将电池从电化学反应装置转变为一种新型数字装置，并通过毫秒级电池物理连接拓扑重构从原理上杜绝了由于过充过放所带来的热堆积和热失控问题，实现了电池系统级本质安全。此外，DRBN能够快速诊断并切除故障电池，同时保持电化学储能的正常运行，极大提升了系统的可用性和可靠性。最后，本工作通过实际工程案例数据阐述数字储能系统在突发故障时的在线诊断和快速自动隔离疑似故障方面的本质安全机制，为电化学储能系统安全性和经济性提供一种新的路径。

关键词: 动态可重构电池网络, 数字储能系统, 本质安全, 在线故障检测, 自动故障隔离

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of electrochemical energy storage technology, intrinsic safety concerns about energy storage systems have emerged. Nonetheless, the "short board effect" of the battery system caused by the mismatch of inherent differences in battery cells and the traditional fixed series parallel grouping method is the primary reason for the current electrochemical energy storage system's safety and economic problems. Recently, digital energy storage systems based on dynamically reconfigurable battery network (DRBN) have received extensive attention. By deeply coupling low-power semiconductor devices to the batteries, DRBN transforms the battery from an electrochemical reaction device to a new type of digital device and eliminates the thermal accumulation and thermal runaway problems caused by overcharge and overdischarge in principle by reconfiguring the topology of the physical connection of the battery in milliseconds, achieving intrinsic safety at the battery system level. Furthermore, DRBN can quickly diagnose and remove faulty batteries and keep the electrochemical energy storage system running, which greatly improves the availability and reliability of the system. This paper explains the intrinsic safety mechanism of digital energy storage systems in the online diagnosis of sudden faults and rapid automatic isolation of suspected faults using an actual engineering case study, paving a new path for the safety and economy of electrochemical energy storage systems.

Key words: dynamically reconfigurable battery network, digital energy storage system, intrinsically safe, online fault detection, automatic fault isolation

中图分类号:

TM 912

张从佳, 施敏达, 徐晨, 黄震宇, 慈松. 基于动态可重构电池网络的储能系统本质安全机制及实例分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(8): 2442-2451.

Congjia ZHANG, Minda SHI, Chen XU, Zhenyu HUANG, Song CI. Intrinsic safety mechanism and case analysis of energy storage systems based on dynamically reconfigurable battery network[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2442-2451.

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参数	数值
储能系统总额定功率/额定能量容量	10 MW/34 MWh
储能集装箱额定功率/额定能量容量	500 kW/1.72 MWh
DESS额定电压/额定容量	716 V/600 Ah
电池模组额定电压/额定容量	51.2 V/200 Ah
电池单体额定电压/额定容量	3.2 V/200 Ah
电池最大放电深度 (DOD)	0～100%
储能电池直流电压范围	560～817.6 Vdc
储能系统交流侧额定电压	400 Vac
运行温度范围	-30～45 ℃