增设导流孔及翅片化通道墙强化液冷板散热性能的新策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0364

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了增强液冷板的散热性能，通过在液冷通道内添加翅片形成局部扰流是一种主要方法，但是该方法会导致压降增大。基于此，本文设计了一种通道内增设隔板并带有导流孔，同时对通道墙翅片化的新型液冷板结构。在以降低压降和平均温度为目标的情况下，首先通过单因素法分析和讨论了导流孔和导流翅片个数的影响，得出当导流孔和导流翅片的个数分别为4和11时，液冷板的综合散热性能最佳。为了进一步优化液冷板的散热性能，采用多目标优化方法对不同导流孔之间的距离( $X 3$ )以及导流孔与隔板起始处的距离( $X 1 、 X 2 、 X 4$ )进行优化，结果显示多目标优化后模型的综合性能有了进一步提升。其次通过正交实验，讨论了翅片的倾斜角度以及开口宽度对平均温度与压降的影响，优化结果表明，翅片间的开口宽度影响最大。通过正交实验优化后平均温度降低了0.869 ℃(2.33%)，压降降低了18.257 Pa(71.62%)。最后，讨论了雷诺数在100～400的范围内变动时，不同液冷板结构的努塞尔数、压降和综合评价指标的变化情况。本研究有助于推动电池热管理散热的应用。

关键词: 翅片, 导流孔, 多目标优化, 正交实验

Abstract:

Forming a local turbulence by adding fins in the liquid cooling channel is mainly performed to enhance the heat dissipation performance of a liquid cooling plate; however, this method leads to an increased pressure drop. To address this issue, a new cold plate structure with a baffle, a diversion hole in the channel, and a finned channel wall is designed herein. With regard to reducing the pressure drop and the average temperature, the influence of the number of diversion holes and fins is analyzed and discussed using a single factor method. The results show that the liquid cooling plate exhibits the best comprehensive heat dissipation performance when the numbers of the diversion holes and fins are 4 and 11, respectively. Using the multi-objective optimization method, the distances between different flow holes ( $X 3$ ) and between the flow holes and the starting point of the baffle (i.e., $X 1, X 2, X 4$ ) are optimized to further optimize the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling plate. The results illustrate a further improved comprehensive performance of the model after the multi-objective optimization. The effects of the tilt angle and the opening width of the fin on the average temperature and pressure drop are discussed through orthogonal experiments. The optimization results show the opening width between the fins to have the greatest influence. The average temperature is reduced to 0.869 ℃, denoting a 2.4% reduction. The pressure drop is 18.257 Pa, yielding a 71.6% decrease. The changes in the Nusselt number, pressure drop, and comprehensive evaluation index of different cold plate structures at the Reynolds number changes ranging from 100 to 400 are discussed. This study promotes the application of battery thermal management heat dissipation by providing experimental basis for the research and development of the liquid cooling plate heat dissipation.

Key words: fin, diversion hole, multi-objective optimization, orthogonal experiment

中图分类号:

TK 12

赵浩东, 张甫仁, 杜柏林, 李雪, 黄郅凯, 孙世政. 增设导流孔及翅片化通道墙强化液冷板散热性能的新策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(10): 3108-3119.

Haodong ZHAO, Furen ZHANG, Bolin DU, Xue LI, Zhikai HUANG, Shizheng SUN. Strengthening the heat dissipation performance of liquid cooling plate by adding a diversion hole and a finned channel wall[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3108-3119.

图/表 28

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

表3

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表4

变量的名称及其取值范围"

变量	下限/mm	上限/mm
$X 1$	0	49
$X 2$	0	39
$X 3$	0	8
$X 4$	0	49

表4

图12

表5

样本点与其对应的响应值"

序号	$X 1$	$X 2$	$X 3$	$X 4$	$Y 1$ /℃	$Y 2$ /Pa
1	11.630	25.780	3.660	19.930	37.466	10.171
2	7.470	18.510	4.340	0.830	38.789	8.226
3	34.880	13.220	0.680	4.150	36.798	10.390
4	2.490	19.830	2.710	39.030	36.871	11.794
5	46.510	22.470	6.510	19.100	36.783	13.624
6	32.390	10.580	8.000	11.630	36.686	10.437
7	44.020	12.560	1.490	44.020	37.074	14.642
8	19.100	14.540	4.470	34.880	36.698	11.554
9	26.580	25.120	2.980	1.660	37.501	9.985
10	31.560	26.440	3.800	41.530	36.592	14.954
11	21.590	1.980	0.270	17.440	36.687	9.976
12	43.190	9.250	0.410	24.080	36.709	12.225
13	33.220	27.760	4.070	20.760	37.027	12.578
14	39.030	35.030	6.370	36.540	36.533	16.634
15	14.120	33.710	5.420	4.980	38.701	9.628
16	0.000	15.200	5.830	18.270	37.533	9.383
17	42.360	29.750	1.080	46.510	36.650	17.421
18	45.680	17.850	3.390	9.970	36.740	12.510
19	8.310	11.240	0.140	30.730	36.684	10.479
20	37.370	0.660	2.850	13.290	36.692	10.657
21	22.420	38.340	2.310	14.120	37.826	11.792
22	34.050	24.460	6.240	2.490	37.295	10.986
23	23.250	17.190	1.220	42.360	36.735	13.043
24	35.710	8.590	4.610	49.000	37.144	13.978
25	9.970	3.310	2.440	43.190	36.753	11.284
26	18.270	27.100	0.000	9.140	37.564	9.877
27	0.830	36.360	3.530	33.220	37.576	12.312
28	12.460	28.420	4.880	48.170	36.784	14.291
29	16.610	34.370	7.860	39.860	36.849	14.196
30	24.080	13.880	5.020	14.950	36.733	10.193
31	47.340	4.630	6.100	16.610	36.722	12.018
32	39.860	11.900	3.930	29.070	36.761	12.450
33	1.660	5.290	5.560	37.370	36.841	10.565
34	41.530	39.000	3.120	32.390	36.624	16.909
35	40.690	30.410	0.950	10.800	37.103	12.971
36	4.980	31.730	6.640	23.250	37.763	10.752
37	5.810	29.080	0.540	25.750	37.473	10.790
38	4.150	15.860	1.360	12.460	37.761	8.992
39	28.240	31.070	0.810	29.900	36.829	13.591
40	20.760	37.680	4.750	31.560	36.940	14.037
41	19.930	5.950	7.050	45.680	36.763	12.314
42	3.320	32.390	2.170	5.810	39.479	8.895
43	30.730	37.020	6.780	15.780	37.426	12.935
44	44.850	35.690	4.200	6.640	37.546	13.779
45	15.780	7.930	7.730	24.920	36.638	10.225
46	14.950	33.050	1.630	44.850	36.908	14.270
47	17.440	6.610	2.580	3.320	37.388	8.735
48	38.200	9.920	7.460	34.050	36.890	12.456
49	9.140	3.970	3.250	22.420	36.844	9.655
50	13.290	20.490	7.590	8.310	37.682	9.234
51	27.410	0.000	5.290	27.410	36.637	10.983
52	10.800	2.640	5.970	7.470	37.650	8.534

表5

图13

表6

预测值与实际值的相关参数表"

相关参数	$Y 1$ /℃	$Y 2$ /Pa
方程	y=+b*x	y=a+b*x
绘图	实际	实际
权重	不加权	不加权
截距	11.37069 ± 22.57976	0.39919 ± 0.18775
斜率	0.9635 ± 0.0727	0.96485 ± 0.01683
残差平方和	0.35779	0.08344
Pearson’s r	0.97798	0.99878
R² (COD)	0.95644	0.99757
调整后R²	0.95099	0.99727

表6

表7

预测值与仿真值的对比"

项目	$X 1$ /mm	$X 2$ /mm	$X 3$ /mm	$X 4$ /mm	$Y 1$ /℃	$Y 1$ /Pa
预测参数	26.907	3.276	0	19.709	36.55	10.31
仿真参数	26.907	3.276	0	19.709	36.595	10.498
相对误差	—	—	—	—	0.12%	1.79%

表7

图14

图15

表8

25组实验数据及仿真结果"

实验序号	实验因素					实验结果
实验序号	W/mm	$α 1$ /(°)	$α 2$ /(°)	$α 3$ /(°)	$α 4$ /(°)	$T a v e$ /℃	$∆ P$ /Pa
1	0	70	70	70	70	36.534	11.230
2	0	80	80	80	80	36.540	10.622
3	0	90	90	90	90	36.595	10.498
4	0	100	100	100	100	36.605	10.569
5	0	110	110	110	110	36.595	11.151
6	2	70	80	90	100	36.344	9.476
7	2	80	90	100	110	36.341	9.705
8	2	90	100	110	70	36.335	9.536
9	2	100	110	70	80	36.363	9.687
10	2	110	70	80	90	36.326	9.999
11	4	70	90	110	80	36.331	8.441
12	4	80	100	70	90	36.351	8.572
13	4	90	110	80	100	36.366	8.569
14	4	100	70	90	110	36.336	9.101
15	4	110	80	100	70	36.319	8.625
16	6	70	100	80	110	36.386	8.304
17	6	80	110	90	70	36.374	7.705
18	6	90	70	100	80	36.359	7.837
19	6	100	80	110	90	36.360	7.842
20	6	110	90	70	100	36.389	8.101
21	8	70	110	100	90	36.440	7.273
22	8	80	70	110	100	36.435	7.373
23	8	90	80	70	110	36.430	7.646
24	8	100	90	80	70	36.428	7.248
25	8	110	100	90	80	36.439	7.215

表8

图16

图17

图18

图19

图20

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名称	尺寸/mm
液冷板长度L_z	140
液冷板宽度L_x	65
液冷板厚度L_y	3
通道宽度L_a	3
通道宽度L_b	4
通道宽度L_c	6
通道宽度L_d	7
边距L_e	3
边距L_f	5
隔板宽度L_gb	1
导流翅片宽度L_cp	10

流量/(g/s)	实验值/℃	仿真值/℃	相对误差/%
0.5	39.054	38.679	0.96
1	31.087	32.066	3.15
1.5	29.447	29.979	1.81
2	28.12	28.979	3.05

序号	隔板A/个	隔板B/个	隔板C/个	组合方式
1	1	1	1	A₁B₁C₁
2	1	1	2	A₁B₁C₂
3	1	2	1	A₁B₂C₁
4	1	2	2	A₁B₂C₂
5	2	1	1	A₂B₁C₁
6	2	1	2	A₂B₁C₂
7	2	2	1	A₂B₂C₁
8	2	2	2	A₂B₂C₂

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