定型有机相变储热材料阻燃改性的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定型有机相变材料具有过冷度低、不易出现相偏析、化学稳定性好等优点，在建筑节能、电池热管理和航空热防护等方面具有广泛的应用前景。然而定型有机相变材料普遍存在易燃问题，对其应用安全产生严重影响。因此，亟需对定型有机相变材料的阻燃特性进行研究。本文通过对近几年的相关文献进行总结探讨，简要综述了相变材料的分类、阻燃剂的种类和阻燃机理，概述了常用定型阻燃复合材料的制备方法和种类。并借助极限氧指数、总释放热量、峰值放热速率等参数重点分析了各类阻燃剂对定型相变储热材料热安全性能的影响。在结论中提出了掺入协同阻燃剂和相变材料的化学改性等进一步增强相变材料阻燃性能的策略。有望促进拓宽定型相变材料应用领域的拓宽，提高相变储能系统的安全性，有助于构建更安全、环保、高效的能源储存和利用体系。

关键词: 有机相变材料, 可燃性, 阻燃性, 定型, 热稳定性

Abstract:

Shape-stabilized organic phase-change materials have the advantages of low undercooling, low phase segregation, and good chemical stability, with wide application prospects in building-energy saving, battery thermal management, and aviation thermal protection. However, these materials are usually flammable, a property that seriously affects their application safety. Therefore, the flame-retardant properties of such shape-stabilized organic phase-change materials must be studied urgently. This study provides a brief overview on the classification of phase-change materials, the types of flame retardants that can be used, and the flame retardancy mechanisms. In addition, the study details the preparation methods and types of commonly used flame-retardant composites. The effects of various flame retardants on the thermal safety performance of shape-stabilized phase-change heat-storage materials are analyzed based on limiting oxygen index, total heat release rate, and peak heat release rate. In conclusion, the strategies of adding synergistic flame retardants and the chemical modification of phase-change materials are proposed to further enhance the flame retardancy of phase-change materials. The findings of this study are expected to promote the expansion of the application field of shape-stabilized phase-change materials, improve the safety of phase-change energy-storage systems, and help build a safer, environmentally friendly, and efficient energy storage and utilization system

Key words: organic phase change material, flammability, flame retardant, shape stabilized, thermal reliability

中图分类号:

T 19

张第玲, 王翔, 李豪杰, 刘玉乾, 黄云, 暴宁钟. 定型有机相变储热材料阻燃改性的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(12): 3836-3851.

Diling ZHANG, Xiang WANG, Haojie LI, Yuqian LIU, Yun HUANG, Ningzhong BAO. Research progress on flame-retardant modification of shape-stabilized organic phase-change thermal-storage materials[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(12): 3836-3851.

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相变过程	相变潜热	体积变化	特点
固-固相变	小	很小	固体晶体状态改变，固体不发生液化流动
固-液相变	大	小	相变后液相发生流动
液-气相变	很大	很大	气体体积大、收集困难
固-气相变	很大	很大	气体体积大、收集困难

物质	熔点/℃	潜热/(kJ/kg)	比热容/[kJ/(kg·℃)]
石蜡C₁₃～C₂₄	22～24	189	0.210
石蜡C₁₈	28	244	0.148
石蜡C₁₉	32	222	—
石蜡C₁₆～C₂₈	42～44	189	0.210
石蜡C₂₀～C₃₃	48～50	189	0.210
癸酸	32	152.7	0.153
月桂酸	42～44	178	0.147
棕榈酸	63	187	0.162
硬脂酸	69	202.5	0.172
棕榈酸丙酯	10	186	—
新戊二醇	44	117	—
季戊四醇	189	210	—
聚乙二醇	66	190	—

物质	熔点/℃	潜热/(kJ/kg)	比热容/[kJ/(kg·K)]
聚乙二醇	8	99.6	0.1870
聚乙二醇E600	22	127.2	0.1897
聚乙二醇E1000	35～44	—	—
聚乙二醇E10000	55～66	—	—
聚乙二醇E6000	66	190.0	—

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