电池储能系统绝缘电阻检测方法误差分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0803

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电池储能系统绝缘电阻检测对电池储能电站的安全运行至关重要。为了解决常用的平衡-不平衡电桥法测量误差较大且有随机性的问题，建立了平衡-不平衡电桥法的计算机仿真模型，研究了绝缘电阻检测的误差影响因素。从电压测量误差偏置和电压测量精度2个方面对绝缘电阻检测误差的影响进行了分析。针对正母绝缘降低时的测量范围不宽和测量结果不准确的工程实际问题，对平衡-不平衡电桥法进行了改进。提出了电桥电阻如何选型的理论依据和具体方法。针对正负极绝缘同时降低时测量的准确性较差，存在绝缘监测死区的问题，利用仿真模型绘制出的三维曲面图进行分析，提出了可变阻值切换桥法，该方法可有效增加该工况下的检测准确度。最后工程现场的实际测试验证了误差分析和参数选型的正确性。该研究成果对电池管理系统绝缘监测功能的设计和参数选型提供了参考和理论依据。

关键词: 电池储能系统, 绝缘检测, 计算机仿真, 误差分析

Abstract:

Insulation resistance detection is crucial for the safe operation of battery energy storage systems. This study addresses the significant and random measurement errors associated with the commonly used balanced-unbalanced bridge method. By establishing a computer simulation model of this method, the research investigates the error-influencing factors in insulation resistance detection. The analysis quantitatively examines the impact of these errors, focusing on voltage measurement error bias and accuracy. To address the engineering challenge of a limited and imprecise measurement range due to reduced positive bus insulation, an improved balanced-unbalanced bridge method is proposed. This improvement includes a theoretical foundation and a detailed methodology for selecting bridge resistance. Furthermore, the study tackles the issue of diminished measurement accuracy and insulation monitoring dead zones when both positive and negative insulations are compromised. A variable resistance switch bridge method, derived from the three-dimensional surface analysis of the simulation model, is suggested to enhance detection accuracy under such conditions. Field tests conducted at an engineering site confirm the validity of the error analysis and the appropriateness of the parameter selection. The findings offer valuable insights and a theoretical framework for designing and selecting parameters for the insulation monitoring function in battery management systems.

Key words: battery energy storage system, insulation detection, computer simulation, error analysis

中图分类号:

TM 934.31

张杰, 吴成辉, 潘明俊, 赵天恩. 电池储能系统绝缘电阻检测方法误差分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(4): 1167-1175.

Jie ZHANG, Chenghui WU, Mingjun PAN, Tianen ZHAO. Error analysis of insulation resistance detection method in battery energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(4): 1167-1175.

图/表 18

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

图4

图5

表3

图6

表4

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表5

表6

表7

参考文献 14

1	杨为, 谢永芳, 胡志坤. 高压动力电池组绝缘性能的实时监测研究[J]. 计算技术与自动化, 2015, 34(3): 55-59.
	YANG W, XIE Y F, HU Z K. An active detection method for insulation performance of high voltage power battery pack[J]. Computing Technology and Automation, 2015, 34(3): 55-59.
2	余斌, 朱维钧, 徐浩, 等. 电池储能电站电池管理系统关键技术[J]. 湖南电力, 2020, 40(5): 55-59.
	YU B, ZHU W J, XU H, et al. Key technology of battery management system in battery storage power station[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2020, 40(5): 55-59.
3	张向文, 高冠. 电动汽车动力电池绝缘电阻实时在线监测系统[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(5): 1395-1402.
	ZHANG X W, GAO G. Real-time on-line monitoring system for power battery insulation resistance of electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2017, 47(5): 1395-1402.
4	杨坤, 杨林, 施一新, 等. 电动汽车动力电池组单点绝缘故障定位方法[J]. 汽车工程, 2017, 39(10): 1136-1140.
	YANG K, YANG L, SHI Y X, et al. A single-point insulation fault locating scheme for power battery pack in electric vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2017, 39(10): 1136-1140.
5	王玉, 游志宇, 刘永鑫, 等. 动力电池组绝缘电阻检测与故障定位[J]. 电子测量技术, 2022, 45(5): 157-162.
	WANG Y, YOU Z Y, LIU Y X, et al. Insulation resistance detection and fault location for power battery pack[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2022, 45(5): 157-162.
6	BROWN A, DAVID E, ESSALIHI M. Insulation resistance measurements for machine insulation[C]//2011 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). Annapolis, MD, USA. IEEE, 2011: 261-264.
7	于培永, 邵天宇, 邓磊, 等. 直流系统绝缘监测装置的改进研究[J]. 节能技术, 2013, 31(6): 516-521.
	YU P Y, SHAO T Y, DENG L, et al. Improvement of DC system insulation monitoring device[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2013, 31(6): 516-521.
8	周晨, 胡社教, 沙伟, 等. 电动汽车绝缘电阻有源检测系统[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2013, 27(5): 409-414.
	ZHOU C, HU S J, SHA W, et al. Active detection system of insulation resistance in electric vehicle[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument, 2013, 27(5): 409-414.
9	黄国华, 赖柱汕, 李娴. 电池储能系统绝缘检测方法概述[J]. 电子产品可靠性与环境试验, 2021, 39(S1): 113-117.
	HUANG G H, LAI Z S,LI X.Overview of insulation testing methods for battery energy storage system[J].Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing, 2021, 39(S1): 113-117.
10	王峰, 潘明俊, 王万纯, 等. 一种基于LTC6813的储能电池管理系统设计[J]. 电源技术, 2023, 47(4): 474-479.
	WANG F, PAN M J, WANG W C, et al. Design of an energy storage battery management system based on LTC6813[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2023, 47(4): 474-479.
11	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 电力储能用电池管理系统: GB/T 34131—2023[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023.
	Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Battery management system for electrical energy storage: GB/T 34131—2023[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023.
12	邓元望, 尹会春, 鄂加强, 等. 电动汽车电池组绝缘监测方法研究[J]. 湖南电力, 2023, 43(1): 46-49, 57.
	DENG Y W, YIN H C, E J Q, et al. Research of insulation monitoring methods for electric vehicle power battery pack[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2023, 43(1): 46-49, 57.
13	涂进, 廖勇熙, 艾程柳, 等. 一种新型直流绝缘监测方法[J]. 自动化技术与应用, 2016, 35(10): 141-144.
	TU J, LIAO Y X, AI C L, et al. A new method for DC insulation monitoring system[J]. Techniques of Automation and Applications, 2016, 35(10): 141-144.
14	鲍谚, 姜久春, 张维戈, 等. 新型直流系统绝缘在线监测方法[J]. 高电压技术, 2011, 37(2): 333-337.
	BAO Y, JIANG J C, ZHANG W G, et al. Novel on-line insulation supervising method for DC system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(2): 333-337.

电压测量误差偏置			电阻最大测量误差/%
U_pn	U_ng	U_ngt	R_p	R_n
负偏	负偏	负偏	-1.3×10^-13	-3.7×10^-14
负偏	负偏	正偏	19.55	19.55
负偏	正偏	负偏	-14.11	-12.69
负偏	正偏	正偏	1.05	2.94
正偏	负偏	负偏	-1.02	-2.79
正偏	负偏	正偏	18.14	15.72
正偏	正偏	负偏	-14.89	-14.89
正偏	正偏	正偏	-2.61×10^-13	-3.54×10^-13

电压测量精度	绝缘电阻最大测量误差
±0.5‰	9.07%
±1.0‰	19.55%
±2.0‰	46.36%
±3.0‰	85.38%
±4.0‰	147.4%
±5.0‰	261.4%

正母绝缘正常，负母绝缘下降，满足正母和负母绝缘电阻最大测量误差均小于20%的负母绝缘电阻可测范围			负母绝缘正常，正母绝缘下降，满足正母和负母绝缘电阻最大测量误差均小于20%的正母绝缘电阻可测范围
改进前	改进后		改进前	改进后
0～10 MΩ	0～10 MΩ		9.3～10 MΩ	0～10 MΩ

电桥电阻R_n1、R_p2	电桥电阻R_n2、R_p1	不同绝缘电阻的最大测量误差		误差中位值
电桥电阻R_n1、R_p2	电桥电阻R_n2、R_p1	1 kΩ	10 MΩ	误差中位值
0.2 MΩ	1.2 MΩ	1.57%	36.23%	16.39%
0.4 MΩ	2.4 MΩ	1.74%	19.55%	9.94%
0.6 MΩ	3.6 MΩ	1.91%	15.13%	8.13%
0.8 MΩ	4.8 MΩ	2.08%	13.23%	7.38%
1.0 MΩ	6.0 MΩ	2.24%	12.28%	7.05%
1.4 MΩ	8.4 MΩ	2.58%	11.51%	6.89%
1.8 MΩ	10.8 MΩ	2.92%	11.41%	7.03%
2.2 MΩ	13.2 MΩ	3.25%	11.61%	7.30%
2.6 MΩ	15.6 MΩ	3.59%	11.96%	7.65%
3.0 MΩ	18.0 MΩ	3.92%	12.40%	8.04%

[1]	慈松, 张从佳, 刘宝昌, 周杨林. 动态可重构电池储能技术：原理与应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3445-3455.
[2]	邢子涯, 刘玮, 耿俊成, 周兴华, 夏越. 基于启发式算法的含BESS配电网线损最小化策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3406-3413.
[3]	田峰, 程志江, 杨涵棣, 杨天翔. 模块化多电平复合变换器电池储能系统容错控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(5): 1583-1591.
[4]	范馥麟, 李军徽, 严干贵, 李翠萍. 储能友好型频率响应服务市场：英国视角[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(4): 1278-1288.
[5]	田凯, 陈堃, 陈满, 凌志斌. 基于载波移相调制的模块化多电平电池储能系统直流侧建模[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1982-1990.
[6]	朱伟杰, 史尤杰, 雷博. 锂离子电池储能系统BMS的功能安全分析与设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 271-278.
[7]	林俊豪，古雄文，马丽. 基于优化调度的用户侧电池储能配置及控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(1): 90-.
[8]	周友, 吴峂, 牛建娜, 赵璐璐, 范玉建. 应用于煤矿井下应急电源的电池电子标准模块设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(1): 91-100.
[9]	李军徽, 高天宇, 赵冰, 严干贵, 焦健. 抑制风电功率波动的电池储能系统自适应控制策略设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2015, 4(3): 278-283.
[10]	靳文涛, 李蓓, 谢志佳. 电池储能系统在跟踪风电计划出力中的需求分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2013, 2(3): 294-299.