动态可重构电池储能技术：原理与应用

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0539

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何从根本上消除电池系统的“短板效应”是储能行业发展的核心技术问题。目前业界解决“短板效应”的主要手段是追求电池单体在生产和使用过程中的一致性，这必然导致边际成本越来越高，同时依然无法从根本上消除电池系统“短板效应”。因此，本团队率先提出了基于能量数字化的动态可重构电池(dynamic reconfigurable battery，DRB)储能技术，改变了电池发明以来固定串并联的应用范式，将电池之间的物理连接由传统固定串并联的刚性连接改变为程序控制的柔性连接，通过控制每个电池接入充放电回路里的时间实现了“尽力而为”的电池能量管控模式。接着，本团队提出了基于动态可重构电池储能技术的能量控制和系统级本质安全控制方法，将能量控制问题表示为一个优化问题，并分析了基于可控串并联技术的本质安全控制方法。大量实际运行数据表明，动态可重构电池储能技术可以极大提升电池储能系统的安全性和能量效率，为构建大规模长寿命低成本电池储能系统提供了全新的路径。

关键词: 动态可重构电池网络, 能量数字化, 电池储能系统, 安全性, 效率

Abstract:

The elimination of the "bucket effect" of battery systems in a fundamental manner is a challenging problem in the field of battery energy storage system (BESS). At present, this problem is being solved by pursuing the consistency of battery cells during their production and use; however, this method not only incurs a high cost but also is unable to fully eliminate the bucket effect. Therefore, we propose the dynamic reconfigurable-battery (DRB) energy storage technology based on energy digitalization. In comparison to the conventional norm of fixed series-parallel connections, the DRB networks use new program-controlled connections between battery cells/modules. By controlling the charging/discharging time of each battery unit connected to the circuitry, each battery cell/module could work in its "best effort" manner with no over-charge or over-discharge. Based on the DRB energy-storage technology, we propose the energy control and system-level intrinsically safe control methods. The energy control problem is formulated as an optimization issue, and the intrinsically safe control methods based on the controllable series and parallel technology are analyzed. The real-world operation data show that DRB networks can fundamentally improve safety, reliability, efficiency and cycle life of BESSs, paving a new path for building large-scale, long-life, and low-cost BESSs.

Key words: dynamic reconfigurable battery network, digital energy computation, battery energy storage system, safety, efficiency

中图分类号:

TM 912

慈松, 张从佳, 刘宝昌, 周杨林. 动态可重构电池储能技术：原理与应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(11): 3445-3455.

Song CI, Congjia ZHANG, Baochang LIU, Yanglin ZHOU. Dynamic reconfigurable battery energy storage technology： Principle and application[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(11): 3445-3455.

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指标	低压低功耗MOSFET	IGBT
电压	50～200 V	0.6～6.5 kV
电流	100～200 A	750～3600 A
开关频率	可达几百kHz	可达几十kHz
导通电阻	1～8 mΩ	<400 mΩ
成本	1～3美元	4～12美元

项目	额定电压/V	额定容量/Ah	额定功率/kW	额定电量/kWh	备注
单体电芯	3.2	206	0.3296	0.6592	磷酸铁锂单体
电池模组	51.2	206	5.2736	10.5472	电芯1并16串
动态可重构电池网络	716.8	618	125(受PCS最大功率限制)	442.9824	电池模组3并14串
数字储能电站	35 k(AC)	49440	10 k	34 k	数字储能子系统80组

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