基于虚拟母线电压控制的构网型储能变流器稳定性优化研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0818

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构网型储能变流器作为高比例新能源接入电网的关键设备在强电网下存在稳定性问题。针对此问题，本工作提出一种基于虚拟母线电压控制的构网型储能变流器稳定性优化方法。首先，建立构网型储能变流器状态空间小信号模型，利用特征根分析法得出构网型储能变流器强电网下稳定性变差甚至振荡失稳的结论。然后，提出基于虚拟母线电压控制的稳定性优化方法，通过改变有功功率环跟踪电网电压相位的位置等效提高电网阻抗，从而提高强电网下构网型储能变流器系统并网的稳定性。接着，分析不同工况下加入虚拟母线电压控制前后系统的特征根变化趋势和稳定性提升效果，同时也分析了虚拟母线电压控制参数中补偿系数k和时间常数t对稳定性的影响并给出一般参数设计范围。最后，在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建构网型储能变流器并网模型进行时域验证，进一步搭建硬件在环实验平台进行半实物验证，验证结果表明基于虚拟母线电压控制的构网型储能变流器在强电网下的稳定性明显提高。

关键词: 构网型储能, 小信号稳定性, 虚拟母线电压控制, 稳定性优化

Abstract:

Since key equipment of new energy technology is connected to the power grid, grid-forming energy storage converters have stability problems in strong power grids. Aiming to resolve this problem, this study proposes a method for stability optimization of grid-forming energy storage converters based on virtual bus voltage control. First, the state space small signal model of a grid-forming energy storage converter is established, and the characteristic root analysis method is used to obtain the stability conditions of the grid-forming energy storage converter that becomes worse or even oscillates under strong power grid conditions. Subsequently, a stability optimization method based on virtual bus voltage control is proposed. By changing the position of the active power loop tracking the grid voltage phase, the grid impedance is equivalently improved, thus improving the stability of the grid-forming energy storage converter system under strong power grid conditions. Subsequently, the eigenvalue change trend and stability improvement effect of the converter system before and after adding the virtual bus voltage control under different working conditions are analyzed. Simultaneously, the influence of the compensation coefficient k and the time constant t in the virtual bus voltage control parameters on the stability of the converter system is analyzed and the general parameter design range is provided. Finally, a grid-forming model of the grid-forming energy storage converter is built in MATLAB/Simulink for time-domain verification, and a hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform is further built for semi-physical verification. The study results show that the stability of the grid-forming energy storage converter based on virtual bus voltage control is significantly improved under strong power grid conditions.

Key words: grid-following energy storage, small-signal stability, virtual bus voltage control, stability optimization

中图分类号:

TM 712

严文博, 黄云辉, 王栋, 唐金锐, 周克亮. 基于虚拟母线电压控制的构网型储能变流器稳定性优化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1532-1541.

Wenbo YAN, Yunhui HUANG, Dong WANG, Jinrui TANG, Keliang ZHOU. Investigation of stability optimization of grid-forming energy storage converters based on virtual bus voltage control[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(5): 1532-1541.

图/表 14

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电网强度和输出功率	SCR=5, P=1.0 p.u.	SCR=6, P=1.0 p.u.	SCR=5, P=0.8 p.u.	SCR=5, P=1.2 p.u.
主导特征根	(-0.35±25.04i)	(0.10±25.89i)	(-0.98±23.99i)	(0.14±25.81i)
振荡频率	3.98	4.12	3.82	4.11
阻尼比	0.014	-0.004	0.041	-0.005

参数		含义	数值
系统参数	S_b	变流器基准容量	0.1 MW
	U_N	变流器基准电压	381 V
	P_ref	变流器给定有功功率	0.1 MW
	Q_ref	变流器给定无功功率	0 Var
	U_dc	储能直流侧电压	700 V
	U_t	并网电压	381 V
	U_g	电网电压	381 V
	L_c	滤波电感	3 mH
	L_g	线路电感	1.1 mH

控制参数	D_p	阻尼系数	1.5
	J	惯量系数	20
	K_q	无功控制系数	5
	k_p1，k_i1	电压环比例，积分增益	5，200
	k_p2，k_i2	电流环比例，积分增益	0.3，0.05

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