锂离子电解液溶剂/空气混合物爆炸特性实验研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0244

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 3480-3490.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0244

锂离子电解液溶剂/空气混合物爆炸特性实验研究

王杰¹(), 宁潇尧², 王学辉¹(), 汪箭¹

^1.中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽合肥 230026
^2.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381

收稿日期:2024-03-19 修回日期:2024-03-30 出版日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2024-10-30
通讯作者: 王学辉 E-mail:wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wxuehui@ustc.edu.cn
作者简介:王杰（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为新能源汽车安全，E-mail：wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3006300);工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室开放课题(2022KLIB07);国家消防救援局科技计划项目(2023XFCX37)

Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of lithium-ion electrolyte solvent/air mixture

Jie WANG¹(), Xiaoyao NING², Xuehui WANG¹(), Jian WANG¹

^1.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
^2.Tianjin Fire Protection Research Institute of Emergency Management Department, Tianjin 300381, China

Received:2024-03-19 Revised:2024-03-30 Online:2024-10-28 Published:2024-10-30
Contact: Xuehui WANG E-mail:wj17346863559@mail.ustc.edu.cn;wxuehui@ustc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本工作利用爆炸极限与点火能测试反应平台开展了典型锂离子电解液溶剂碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)蒸气爆炸实验，首次测量了不同初始温度与当量比条件下EMC的最大爆炸压力P_max、爆炸下限LFL等爆炸危险性基础参数，并利用数值模拟方法开展了燃烧化学反应动力学机理分析数值模拟分析。结果表明EMC/空气混合气体的最大爆炸压力P_max随着当量比的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势，并且在当量比 $ϕ$ =1.2附近取到最大值；随着温度的增加，P_max呈递减的趋势，且P_max与初始温度的倒数1/T₀呈线性关系；由于存在热损失，在相同工况下，P_max，exp均小于最大绝热爆炸压力P_max，ad。EMC/空气混合气体的爆炸下限LFL随着T₀的升高而降低，并呈线性关系，且对燃料爆炸下限经典模型的参数进行了修正，修正后的新公式的预测值与实验值结果吻合较好；通过反应机理分析得到不同T₀对于LFL的影响方式主要是通过影响OH⋅自由基的生成速率来实现的。本研究可为定量评估EMC的爆炸危险性提供一定依据以及为其实际使用中制定相应的安全标准提供一定参考。

关键词: 碳酸甲乙酯, 最大爆炸压力, 爆炸下限, 初始温度, 当量比

Abstract:

In this study, we conducted vapor explosion experiments on the typical lithium-ion electrolyte solvent ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) using an explosion limit and ignition energy test platform. Consequently, we measured for the first time the maximum explosion pressure (P_max), lower explosion limit (LFL), and other basic parameters of EMC's explosion risk at different initial temperatures and equivalent ratios. We also analyzed the kinetic mechanism of the combustion chemical reaction by numerical simulation. The results show that the P_max of the EMC/air mixed gas first increases and then decreases with increasing equivalent ratio, reaching a maximum near the equivalent ratio ϕ = 1.2. Additionally, as the temperature increases, P_max decreases and exhibits a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the initial temperature 1/T₀ because of the thermal loss, P_max,exp is smaller than the maximum adiabatic explosion pressure P_max,ad under the same working conditions. The LFL of EMC/air mixed gas decreases with increasing T₀, showing a linear relationship, and the parameters of the classical model for fuel LFL are modified, with the new formula's predicted values agreeing well with the experimental values. The analysis of the reaction mechanism shows that the effect of different T₀ on LFL is mainly due to the effect of the generation rate of OH radicals. The findings of this study provide insights for quantitatively assessing the explosion risk of EMC and provide references for developing corresponding safety standards for its practical use.

Key words: ethyl methyl carbonate, maximum explosion pressure, lower flammability limit, initial temperature, equivalent ratio

中图分类号:

X 928.7

王杰, 宁潇尧, 王学辉, 汪箭. 锂离子电解液溶剂/空气混合物爆炸特性实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3480-3490.

Jie WANG, Xiaoyao NING, Xuehui WANG, Jian WANG. Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of lithium-ion electrolyte solvent/air mixture[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3480-3490.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

实验最大所得爆炸压力 Pmax,exp 随当量比变化的拟合系数"

温度/K	$a 0$	$a 1$	$a 2$	$a 3$	R²
340	-44.35369	1213.3063	-401.28781	-45.48856	0.99669
360	212.40567	373.4406	406.30778	-310.14377	0.99892
380	-138.77441	1388.33584	-626.53799	27.11049	0.9972

表1

表2

模拟计算所得最大爆炸压力 Pmax,ad 随当量比变化的拟合系数"

温度/K	$a 0$	$a 1$	$a 2$	$a 3$	R²
300	-32.76072	1693.29955	-719.52981	17.87222	0.9993
320	-15.8188	1562.99867	-663.06814	17.30455	0.9991
340	-1.14051	1448.93148	-614.17417	17.11271	0.99929
360	11.66003	1348.36016	-571.55164	17.22104	0.99944
380	22.88976	1259.11266	-534.16236	17.56372	0.99957

表2

图3

表3

表4

最大绝热爆炸压力 Pmax,ad 随温度倒数1/T0 变化的拟合系数"

当量比 $ϕ$	k	d	R²
0.6	198.28893	68.78829	1
0.7	222.82119	61.26782	1
0.8	245.27285	50.99897	1
0.9	264.27652	40.75989	1
1	278.00888	34.91673	1
1.1	283.99354	38.90798	1
1.2	281.9118	52.50482	1
1.3	276.98075	1.09647	1
1.4	272.10566	72.00329	1

表4

图4

图5

图6

图7

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当量比ϕ	k	d	R²
0.6	180.98674	-1.11477	0.94465
0.7	153.12551	141.86729	0.97943
0.8	192.68075	76.80443	0.99931
0.9	219.14721	46.41482	0.95202
1	276.92451	-83.45078	0.98783
1.1	250.50593	6.25612	0.99974
1.2	258.7523	-9.57892	0.99969
1.3	254.5799	1.09647	0.97821
1.4	300.51253	-140.66437	0.9887

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锂离子电解液溶剂/空气混合物爆炸特性实验研究

Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of lithium-ion electrolyte solvent/air mixture

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