基于直线电机的废弃矿井重力储能系统研究进展与关键技术

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0623

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新型储能是推动能源转型和构建新型“源网荷储”电力系统的重要基础装备，已成为我国战略性新兴产业。近年来，在国家政策和技术研发创新的双轮驱动下，我国新型储能规模化发展趋势逐渐呈现。重力储能因其高效、环境友好、稳定性高、具有大规模储能能力而作为一种新型储能技术受到无数专家和学者的关注。与此同时，地下资源的枯竭使部分矿井面临废弃。本文回顾了国内外竖井式重力储能系统的发展状况，说明了废弃矿井在重力储能技术的发展中可以作为一种再利用资源为人们所用，构建了基于直线电机的竖井式重力储能系统的数学模型，着重介绍了直线电机在废弃矿井这一特殊应用场景中的应用价值，使用滑轨代替了旋转电机运行过程中的缆绳，有助于提高竖井式重力储能系统的稳定性，分析了竖井式重力储能系统可能存在的几种构型，对比了不同直线电机结构方面的优缺点，阐述了直线电机不同运行状况下的控制技术以及控制目标，概括了现有的多电机控制技术，展望了未来直线电机在竖井式重力储能系统中的应用。

关键词: 废弃矿井, 重力储能, 直线电机

Abstract:

Innovative energy storage promotes energy transformation and establishes a new "source network storage" power system, serving as an essential infrastructure and emerging as a key strategic industry in China. In recent years, driven by national policy, technological research, and innovative development, the trend of new energy storage scale development in China has gradually emerged. Gravity energy storage is recognized as a novel strategy for its high efficiency, environmental sustainability, exceptional stability, and large-scale energy storage capacity, as confirmed by countless experts and researchers. Simultaneously, the depletion of underground resources leads to the abandonment of certain mines. This paper reviews the development of shaft-type gravity energy storage systems, explains the potential of reusing abandoned mines as a resource in the development of gravity energy storage technology, constructs a mathematical model of shaft-type gravity energy storage system based on linear motors, and emphasizes the value of the linear motors in the special application scenario of abandoned mines, where slide rails replace cables in the operation of rotating motors, effectively addressing the challenges posed by abandoned mines. The use of slide rails instead of cables during rotating motors enhances the stability of the shaft-type gravity energy storage system, analyses the possible configurations of the system, compares the advantages and disadvantages of the different linear motors, elucidates the control technology and the objectives of the linear motors under diverse operating conditions, summarizes the existing multi-motor control technology, and anticipates future applications of linear motors in the shaft-type gravity energy storage system.

Key words: abandoned mines, gravity energy storage, linear motor

中图分类号:

TK 02

闫文举, 王洋, 孙芯竹, 陈昊, 王青. 基于直线电机的废弃矿井重力储能系统研究进展与关键技术[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 255-268.

Wenju YAN, Yang WANG, Xinzhu SUN, Hao CHEN, Qing WANG. Research progress and key technology of abandoned mine gravity energy storage system based on linear motor[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(1): 255-268.

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研发单位	研发方案	研发状态
澳大利亚Green Gravity公司	涡轮机+多重物	2023年建立重力实验室
美国Gravity Power公司	涡轮机+钢筋活塞	2023年提出构想(处在众筹阶段)
英国Gravitricity公司	多卷扬提升机+多重物	2021年成功建造一个250 kW的示范平台
中电工程及华北电力设计院	重力轮机+多重物+轨道输送系统	2024年开始建设
中国天楹及瑞士Energy Vault公司	地面构筑物+多重物	2023年9月如东100 MWh项目成功封顶并进入最终调试阶段

控制结构	拓扑复杂性	信息交互	可控电机数	重储系统适用性
并行控制	低	无	无限制	适用
主从控制	低	单向	无限制	适用
交叉耦合控制	中等	双向	2	不适用
相关耦合控制	高	双向	无限制	适用

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