竖井式重力储能发电效率及功率稳定策略研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0304

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

竖井式重力储能作为近些年来涌现的新储能技术，具有选址灵活、对环境无污染等特点，但对其系统内部的研究仍然很匮乏，系统效率和功率两个重要技术指标的研究不完善。为此，本工作针对竖井式重力储能系统进行了物理建模，提出了效率模型和功率模型。对效率模型，提出了损耗来源，通过仿真研究发现了效率随重物质量、最大速度、加速度等参数的变化规律。研究表明，最大速度、加速度及竖井高度对系统效率的影响十分显著，重物质量对系统效率影响很小。减小最大速度和竖井高度可以很有效地增加系统效率。对功率模型，提出了多通道功率叠加的方法，来实现功率的补偿从而达到平稳输出功率的目的。采用错时间启动的方式来实现功率叠加，并仿真了在控制策略下的功率输出结果，从功率波动率和功率损失率两个方面研究了不同通道数的性能并进行对比。结果表明增加通道数可以有效地减小功率波动率，通道数达到8时功率波动率仅为2.5%。功率损失率随着通道数的增加而减小，在通道数大于4时几乎不变，增加通道数可以有效地提高系统对外输出功率性能。

关键词: 竖井式重力储能, 系统效率, 功率稳定, 控制策略

Abstract:

As a novel energy storage technology that has emerged in recent years, vertical gravity energy storage offers benefits such as flexible site selection and environmental sustainability. However, research on its internal system remains limited, and studies on key technical indicators like system efficiency and power stabilization are still underdeveloped. This paper addresses these gaps by developing physical models for vertical gravity energy storage systems, including an efficiency model and a power model. For the efficiency model, the study identifies sources of loss and examines how efficiency varies with parameters such as the mass of heavy objects, maximum velocity, acceleration through simulation. The results show that maximum velocity, acceleration, and shaft height have a significant impact on the efficiency of the system, while the mass of heavy objects has a minimal impact. Reducing the maximum velocity and shaft height can notably enhance system efficiency. The power model introduces a multi-channel power superposition method to realize stable power output through power compensation. This method employs staggered start-up techniques to realize power superposition. The study simulates power output under various control strategies and evaluates performance based on power fluctuation rate and power loss rate. The results show that increasing the number of channels effectively reduces power fluctuations, with fluctuations dropping to only 2.5% when the number of channels reaches 8. Additionally, power loss rate decreases with more channels and stabilizes beyond 4 channels. Increasing the number of channels can effectively improve the external output power performance of the system.

Key words: vertical gravity energy storage, system efficiency, power stability, control strategy

中图分类号:

TK 02

周睿, 洪剑锋, 曹君慈, 秦伟, 赵卓越. 竖井式重力储能发电效率及功率稳定策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(10): 3556-3565.

Rui ZHOU, Jianfeng HONG, Junci CAO, Wei QIN, Zhuoyue ZHAO. Research on power generation efficiency and stabilization strategies for vertical gravity energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(10): 3556-3565.

图/表 19

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通道数	平均输出功率/MW	功率波动率/%	功率损失率/%
2	41	17.8	51
3	41	22.3	26.8
4	41	6	24.6
6	41	4.6	27.6
8	41	2.5	24.9

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