固体氧化物燃料电池支撑体的研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)可以直接将燃料的化学能转换为电能，具有环保无污染、发电效率高、燃料适应性广等独特优势，被认为是高效的绿色燃料电池技术。支撑体作为SOFC的核心组成部件，对于电池的机械强度、组装工艺和电化学性能起着至关重要的作用。本文通过对近期相关文献的探讨，按照支撑体的主体结构分类，主要介绍了电解质支撑体、电极支撑体（阳极支撑体和阴极支撑体）和金属支撑体的材料组成、作用特点及制备方法，重点综述了不同结构的支撑体的研究现状，详细分析了影响支撑体材料选择和电池性能的关键因素。结合已有的研究报道，明确指出了提高电解质支撑体的强度和减薄电解质支撑体的厚度、稳定阳极支撑体的结构和抑制阳极支撑体的积碳、降低阴极支撑体的浓差极化、增加金属支撑体的抗氧化性和改善金属支撑体的适配性、同步开发与各支撑体结构相匹配的SOFC关键材料是当前及未来的研究重点，也是实现SOFC低温化、低成本和长期稳定运行的关键。本文为SOFC的进一步发展提供了借鉴和参考。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）, 支撑体结构, 电池性能

Abstract:

As an all solid-state electrochemical energy conversion device with high efficiency,the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has the ability to transform the chemical energy of the fuel into electricity directly. SOFC is considered to be the most advanced green fuel cell technology owing to its unique advantages such as environment-friendly protection, high power generating efficiency, and wide fuel adaptability. Designing and assembling SOFC structure guarantee stable operation. As the core structure of SOFC, the support plays an essential role in the mechanical strength, assembly process and electrochemical performance. In this paper, through the discussion of recent related literature, the support is divided into the electrolyte support, electrode support ( anode support and cathode support ) and metal support in accordance with major structure. The material composition, function characteristics as well as preparation methods of three supports are mainly introduced. The research status of three supports are fully summarized. The important factors which affect the selection of support materials and battery performance are detailed analyzed from different perspectives. Combined with the existing research reports, we put forward the improvement strategy of existing support structure optimization. The major challenges and complexity in functional section of SOFC support include: (i) improving the strength and reducing the thickness of the electrolyte support, (ii) stabilizing the structure and inhibiting the carbon deposition of the anode support, (iii) reducing the concentration polarization of the cathode support, (iiii) increasing the oxidation resistance and improving the adaptability of the metal support. Moreover, developing novel SOFC materials that match the structure of each support are the focus of current and future research, as well as the realization of SOFC with low temperature, low cost and long term.This article provides a comprehensive review with respect to the material, property, preparation, underlying mechanisms, and performance of each SOFC support, and it provides the future directions towards development of SOFC.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cell ( SOFC ), support structure, battery performance

中图分类号:

TM911.4

王亚丽, 李晓艳, 孙航宇, 付云枫, 刘召波, 杜国山, 刘君, 陈宋璇, 胡蒙蒙. 固体氧化物燃料电池支撑体的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0042.

Yali Wang, Xiaoyan Li, Hangyu Sun, Yunfeng Fu, Zhaobo Liu, Guoshan Du, Jun Liu, Sunxuan Chen, Mengmeng Hu. Research progress of supports for solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0042.

图/表 6

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