计及相角与幅值跳变的构网型储能短路电流特性及其计算模型

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0065

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 2451-2461.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0065

计及相角与幅值跳变的构网型储能短路电流特性及其计算模型

邵尹池¹(), 巩宇¹, 牛萌², 杨若奂²(), 刘雅婷², 丁然³

^1.国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院，北京 100045
^2.中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
^3.国网冀北电力有限公司，北京 100054

收稿日期:2025-01-22 修回日期:2025-02-18 出版日期:2025-06-28 发布日期:2025-06-27
通讯作者: 杨若奂 E-mail:shaoyinchi@126.com;yrh9312@163.com
作者简介:邵尹池（1991—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为新能源与储能并网控制，E-mail：shaoyinchi@126.com；
基金资助:
国网冀北电力有限公司科技项目(B3018K23000A)

Grid-forming energy storage system taking phase angle and amplitude jumps into account short-circuit current characteristics and its calculation model

Yinchi SHAO¹(), Yu GONG¹, Meng NIU², Ruohuan YANG²(), Yating LIU², Ran DING³

^1.State Grid Jibei Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China
^2.China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
^3.State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. , Ltd, Beijing 100054, China

Received:2025-01-22 Revised:2025-02-18 Online:2025-06-28 Published:2025-06-27
Contact: Ruohuan YANG E-mail:shaoyinchi@126.com;yrh9312@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构网型储能是提升弱电网工况下电力系统稳定性的有效手段。然而，关于构网型储能接入电网的短路电流模型相关研究尚不充分。现有文献通常基于构网型储能的机电暂态模型分析构网型储能的短路电流，难以反映线路感性、容性元件导致的短路电流瞬态变化，导致继电保护参数整定、控制参数优化困难。本工作在电磁暂态时间尺度构建了构网型储能接入电网的等效模型，根据电网故障下电压幅值和相角的阶跃特性建立了构网型储能内电势相角变化量和幅值变换量在时域下动态响应模型，定量分析了构网型储能控制参数与构网型储能内电势相角和幅值响应速度、超调量之间的关系。根据构网型储能不同控制参数下的阻尼特性，系统性分析了计及相角突变和幅值突变的构网型储能短路电流计算方法。经仿真验证，所提方法在对称与不对称故障工况下均适用，偏差校核结果表明本工作所提出的计算模型可较为精确地量化构网型储能短路电流水平，可为电网运营商及调度人员评估构网型储能短路电流水平提供参考依据。

关键词: 构网型储能, 动态特性, 短路电流, 控制参数, 计算模型

Abstract:

Grid-forming energy storage systems (GFESS) are a promising solution for enhancing power system stability under weak grid conditions. However, the modeling of short-circuit current behavior for GFESS remains underexplored. Existing studies typically adopt electromechanical models, which inadequately capture the transient characteristics induced by inductive and capacitive elements, thereby complicating protection parameter configuration and control parameter optimization. This paper presents an equivalent model of a GFESS connected to the power grid on the electromagnetic time scale. Considering the step changes in voltage amplitude and phase angle during grid faults, a time-domain dynamic response model of the GFESS electromotive force is developed. The relationship between GFESS control parameters and the electromotive force, specifically response time and overshoot, is quantitatively analyzed. Based on the damping behavior under various control settings, a systematic method for calculating the short-circuit current of GFESS, accounting for variations in phase angle and amplitude, is proposed. The method is validated through simulations under both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions. Variance analysis confirms that the proposed model accurately quantifies the short-circuit current capacity of GFESS, offering a reliable reference for grid operators and dispatchers.

Key words: grid-forming energy storage system, dynamic property, short-circuit current, control parameter, computational model

中图分类号:

TM 73

邵尹池, 巩宇, 牛萌, 杨若奂, 刘雅婷, 丁然. 计及相角与幅值跳变的构网型储能短路电流特性及其计算模型[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2451-2461.

Yinchi SHAO, Yu GONG, Meng NIU, Ruohuan YANG, Yating LIU, Ran DING. Grid-forming energy storage system taking phase angle and amplitude jumps into account short-circuit current characteristics and its calculation model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2451-2461.

图/表 9

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工况	校核数据	偏差计算指标
工况	校核数据	F₁	F₂
欠阻尼参数工况1	A相电流	0.0048	3.57%
	B相电流	0.0747	0.56%
	C相电流	0.0698	8.37%

欠阻尼参数工况2	A相电流	0.0121	2.37%
	B相电流	0.0050	7.69%
	C相电流	0.0071	3.87%

欠阻尼参数工况3	A相电流	0.0226	3.74%
	B相电流	0.0483	3.69%
	C相电流	0.0256	8.19%

过阻尼参数工况1	A相电流	0.0353	2.35%
	B相电流	0.0409	0.24%
	C相电流	0.0762	4.62%

过阻尼参数工况2	A相电流	0.0097	2.23%
	B相电流	0.0089	3.16%
	C相电流	0.0008	1.64%

过阻尼参数工况3	A相电流	0.0034	2.48%
	B相电流	0.0350	0.44%
	C相电流	0.0384	4.72%
过阻尼参数工况4	A相电流	0.0132	3.26%
	B相电流	0.0468	2.18%
	C相电流	0.0599	8.54%

过阻尼参数工况5	A相电流	0.1192	5.89%
	B相电流	0.0025	2.46%
	C相电流	0.0261	0.40%

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计及相角与幅值跳变的构网型储能短路电流特性及其计算模型

Grid-forming energy storage system taking phase angle and amplitude jumps into account short-circuit current characteristics and its calculation model

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