储氢技术研究现状及展望

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0062

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 储氢技术作为氢气生产与使用之间的桥梁，至关重要。本文综述了目前常用的储氢技术，主要包括物理储氢、化学储氢与其它储氢。物理储氢主要包括高压气态储氢与低温液化储氢，具有低成本、易放氢、氢气浓度高等特点，但安全性较低。化学储氢包括有机液体储氢、液氨储氢、配位氢化物储氢、无机物储氢与甲醇储氢。其虽保证了安全性，但其放氢难，且易发生副反应，氢气浓度较低。其它储氢技术包括吸附储氢与水合物法储氢。吸附储氢技术的储氢效率受吸附剂的影响较大，且不同程度的存在放氢难、成本高、储氢密度不高等问题。水合物法储氢具有易脱氢、成本低、能耗低等特点，但其储氢密度较低。在此基础上，本文基于现状分析，简要展望了储氢技术今后的研究方向。

关键词: 氢能, 储氢技术, 储氢密度, 物理储氢, 化学储氢, 其它储氢

Abstract: Available hydrogen storage technologies are reviewed in this article, mainly including physical and chemical hydrogen storage. The physical hydrogen storage technology incudes high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquified hydrogen storage. These methods have advantages of being low-cost, easy to discharge and with a high hydrogen, but safety can be an issue. The chemical hydrogen storage technology is often based on chemical interactions of hydrogen with a substance. such as organic liquid, ammonia, hydride, inorganic substance and methanol etc. These chemical compounds are stable so have an advantage of high storage safety. However, this type of methods often come across issues of slow discharge process and low hydrogen purity due to by-products. To address the issues associated with the main physical and chemical storage methods, alternative hydrogen storage technologies have been proposed, including absorption and hydrate based gas separation. The most widely used absorbents are metal, carbonaceous material and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) but high cost and low energy density are the main issues. Hydrate based storage technology is favorable in terms of cost and energy consumption but the energy density is low.

Key words: hydrogen energy, hydrogen storage technology, hydrogen storage capacity, physical hydrogen storage, chemical hydrogen storage, other hydrogen storage

中图分类号:

TQ03

李璐伶, 樊栓狮, 陈秋雄, 杨光, 温永刚. 储氢技术研究现状及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(4): 586-594.

LI Luling, FAN Shuanshi, CHEN Qiuxiong, YANG Guang, WEN Yonggang. Hydrogen storage technology: Current status and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(4): 586-594.

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