锂离子电池极片层数对热积累效应的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池的极片为电芯最重要的组成部分，极片层数增加会提升电池的容量，但同时也造成内部的产热积累以及外部的散热受阻，最终对电池的安全性造成威胁。因此，本文以10 A·h的磷酸铁锂电池为研究对象，首先建立了一种三维分层的电化学-热耦合模型，理论分析了极片层数对热积累效应的影响，之后通过温度分布验证了本模型的精确性，最后分析了极片层数对锂离子电池温度分布的影响，以及在倍率和极片层数的综合考量下锂离子电池的热积累效应，给出了锂离子电池极片层数的设计依据。结果表明随着极片层数的增加，电池内部热积累效应增强，导致电池温度升高，并且在垂直于极片方向上存在一定的温度梯度；在高倍率以及极片层数较大时，极耳温度高于电芯温度，高温逐渐向极耳区域集中，极耳部位的散热需着重考虑；此外随着倍率的增大，电池的温差也明显增大，当倍率从3 C增大到10 C时，温差增大了约11.2倍。因此如果对电池执行快充和快放的策略，那么电池的极片层数则不宜太高，以避免电池温差过大造成内部热-电化学性质的不均匀分布，最终导致局部高温或容量衰减。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 极片层数, 热积累效应, 电化学-热耦合模型, 温度分布

Abstract:

The electrode plates of lithium-ion batteries are the most important parts of the cell. An increase in the number of electrode plate layers can increase the capacity of the battery but also causes heat generation accumulation inside the battery and blocks heat dissipation externally, which ultimately threatens the safety of the battery. In this study, a three-dimensional layered electrochemical-thermal model is proposed for a 10 A·h lithium iron phosphate battery. The influence of the number of electrode plates on the heat accumulation effect is first analyzed theoretically, and then a temperature distribution validation is conducted to ensure the accuracy of the model. Subsequently, the effect of the number of electrode plates on the temperature distribution is investigated. The discharge rate and the number of electrode plate layers are both considered to examine the heat accumulation effect of lithium ion battery. The design basis of the number of electrode plate layers is ultimately provided. The results show that the heat accumulation effect is strengthened with the increase in the number of electrode plate layers, leading to a temperature increase of the battery. In addition, there is a larger temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the electrode plate. With the increase in the rate and number of electrode plate layers, the temperature of the tabs becomes higher than that of the cell and the high temperature region gradually concentrates in the tabs; therefore, the dissipation of the tabs is considered. In addition, the temperature deviation also increases as the discharge rate increases; the temperature deviation increases by approximately 11.2 times when the rate increases from 3 C to 10 C. Therefore, if the strategy of fast chargingdischarge is implemented for the battery, the number of electrode plates of the battery should not be too large to avoid an uneven distribution of the internal thermo-electrochemical properties caused by the excessive temperature differences in the battery, which eventually leads to high local temperatures or capacity degradation.

Key words: lithium ion battery, number of electrode plate, heat accumulation effect, electrochemical-thermal model, temperature distribution

中图分类号:

TM 912

彭文, 杨刘倩, 朱振东. 锂离子电池极片层数对热积累效应的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(5): 1497-1504.

Wen PENG, Liuqian YANG, Zhendong ZHU. Impact of number of electrode plate on heat accu mulation effect for lithium ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(5): 1497-1504.

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

电池模型各层基础参数和热参数[4]"

参数	单位	正极	负极	隔膜	铝集流体	铜集流体
厚度	$μ m$	70	34	25	10	6.2
电池尺寸	mm	100×115×12 (宽×高×厚)
极耳尺寸	mm	30×30×0.3 (宽×高×厚)
比热容	J/(kg·K)^-1	641	800	1883	897	396
密度	$k g / m 3$	2223	1500	900	2700	8700
电导率	$S / m$	100	0.5		$00.04889 T 3 + 54.65 T 2$ $- 218 T +$ $3.52 × 106 ? (S / c m)$	$- 0.0325 T 3 + 37.07 T 2$ $- 15000 T +$ $2.408 × 106 (S / c m)$
导热系数	$W / (m · K)$	1.04	1.48	0.5	237	398
对流换热系数	$W / (m 2 · K)$	8

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

参考文献 14

1	孟祥飞, 庞秀岚, 崇锋, 等. 电化学储能在电网中的应用分析及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(S1): 38-42.
	MENG Xiangfei, PANG Xiulan, CHONG Feng, et al. Application analysis and prospect of electrochemical energy storage in power grid[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(S1): 38-42.
2	张志超, 郑莉莉, 杜光超, 等. 锂离子电池充放电过程中产热特性研究综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(S1): 31-37.
	ZHANG Zhichao, ZHENG Lili, DU Guangchao, et al. Review of research on heat generation characteristics during charging and discharging of lithium ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(S1): 31-37.
3	任东生, 冯旭宁, 韩雪冰, 等. 锂离子电池全生命周期安全性演变研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2018, 7(6): 957-966.
	REN Dongsheng, FENG Xuning, HAN Xuebing, et al. Recent progress on evolution of safety performance of lithium-ion battery during aging process[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(6): 957-966.
4	LI J, CHENG Y, AI L, et al. 3D simulation on the internal distributed properties of lithium-ion battery with planar tabbed configuration[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 293: 993-1005.
5	GHALKHANI M, BA HIRAEI F, NAZRI G A, et al. Electrochemical-thermal model of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 247: 569-587.
6	BAHIRAEI F, FARTAJ A, NAZRI G A. Electrochemical-thermal modeling to evaluate active thermal management of a lithium-ion battery module[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 254: 59-71.
7	CHACKO S, CHUNG Y M. Thermal modelling of Li-ion polymer battery for electric vehicle drive cycles[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 213: 296-303.
8	MEI W, DUAN Q, ZHAO C, et al. Three-dimensional layered electrochemical-thermal model for a lithium-ion pouch cell Part II. The effect of units number on the performance under adiabatic condition during the discharge[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 148: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119082.
9	DOYLE M, FULLER T F, NEWMAN J. Modeling of galvanostatic charge and discharge of the lithium polymer insertion cell[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1993, 140(6): 1526-1533.
10	CHEN S C, WAN C C, WANG Y Y. Thermal analysis of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 140(1): 111-124.
11	MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. Numerical study on tab dimension optimization of lithium-ion battery from the thermal safety perspective[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142: 148-165.
12	DU S, JIA M, CHENG Y, et al. Study on the thermal behaviors of power lithium iron phosphate (LFP) aluminum-laminated battery with different tab configurations[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 89: 327-336.
13	BERNARDI D, PAWLIKOWSKI E, NEWMAN J. A general energy-balance for battery systems[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1985, 132(1): 5-12.
14	MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. The effect of electrode design parameters on battery performance and optimization of electrode thickness based on the electrochemical-thermal coupling model[J]. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2019, 3: 148-165.

放电倍率	电池最高温度/K			电池最大温差/K
放电倍率	N=33	N=66	N=132	N=33	N=66	N=132
3 C	307.42	309.59	311.89	1.29	1.58	2.04
5 C	313.9	318.15	321.63	3.59	4.38	5.72
10 C	335.52	343.38	351.22	14.55	17.77	23.13

[1]	李海涛, 孔令丽, 张欣, 余传军, 王纪威, 徐琳. N/P设计对高镍NCM/Gr电芯性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2040-2045.
[2]	陈龙, 夏权, 任羿, 曹高萍, 邱景义, 张浩. 多物理场耦合下锂离子电池组可靠性研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2316-2323.
[3]	易顺民, 谢林柏, 彭力. 基于VF-DW-DFN的锂离子电池剩余寿命预测[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2305-2315.
[4]	祝庆伟, 俞小莉, 吴启超, 徐一丹, 陈芬放, 黄瑞. 高能量密度锂离子电池老化半经验模型[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2324-2331.
[5]	王宇作, 王瑨, 卢颖莉, 阮殿波. 孔结构对软碳负极储锂性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2023-2029.
[6]	刘显茜, 孙安梁, 田川. 基于仿生翅脉流道冷板的锂离子电池组液冷散热[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2266-2273.
[7]	孔为, 金劲涛, 陆西坡, 孙洋. 对称蛇形流道锂离子电池冷却性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2258-2265.
[8]	霍思达, 薛文东, 李新丽, 李勇. 基于CiteSpace知识图谱的锂电池复合电解质可视化分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2103-2113.
[9]	邓健想, 赵金良, 黄成德. 高能量锂离子电池硅基负极黏结剂研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(7): 2092-2102.
[10]	欧宇, 侯文会, 刘凯. 锂离子电池中的智能安全电解液研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1772-1787.
[11]	韩俊伟, 肖菁, 陶莹, 孔德斌, 吕伟, 杨全红. 致密储能：基于石墨烯的方法学和应用实例[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1865-1873.
[12]	辛耀达, 李娜, 杨乐, 宋维力, 孙磊, 陈浩森, 方岱宁. 锂离子电池植入传感技术[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1834-1846.
[13]	燕乔一, 吴锋, 陈人杰, 李丽. 锂离子电池负极石墨回收处理及资源循环[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1760-1771.
[14]	沈秀, 曾月劲, 李睿洋, 李佳霖, 李伟, 张鹏, 赵金保. γ射线辐照交联原位固态化阻燃锂离子电池[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1816-1821.
[15]	于春辉, 何姿颖, 张晨曦, 林贤清, 肖哲熙, 魏飞. 硅基负极与电解液化学反应的分析与抑制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1749-1759.