锂电池膨胀形成机制研究现状

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0358

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂电池作为一种能源载体，使用时内部无时无刻都在发生着化学反应及材料变形，导致锂电池形状随着使用状态而持续变化。锂电池硬质和软质外壳材料均具有一定的延展性，在锂电池发生热失控的早期阶段，一系列物理和化学变化会在锂电池内部形成压力作用。随着时间的推移，锂电池会发生较大的膨胀造成电池单体间明显的压力变化。因此，研究锂电池膨胀形成的机制对锂电池热失控早期探测预警具有极为重要的意义。本文对国内外锂电池膨胀形成机制的研究进行了综述，总结了造成锂电池膨胀的主要原因，并从锂电池电极材料、电解液、充放电温度、充放电电压、充放电电流五个方面出发，分析了它们对锂电池膨胀的影响。最后，通过各影响因素的研究结果，对未来控制锂电池产气鼓胀的方法与方向进行展望，并对锂电池热失控早期探测预警系统提出更有效的预警建议。

关键词: 锂电池, 膨胀, 压力形变, 早期预警

Abstract:

Lithium batteries undergo chemical reactions and material deformation all the time during use, causing their shape to continue to change with the state of use. Both hard- and soft-shell materials of lithium batteries have a certain degree of ductility. In early stages of thermal runaway of lithium batteries, a series of physical and chemical changes will create pressure inside the lithium batteries. As time goes by, lithium batteries will swell significantly, causing significant pressure changes between battery cells. Therefore, studying the mechanism of lithium battery expansion is extremely important for early detection and early warning of thermal runaway of lithium batteries. This article reviews the research on the expansion and formation mechanisms of lithium batteries at home and abroad, sums up the main reasons for the expansion of lithium batteries, and starts from five aspects of lithium battery electrode materials, electrolyte, charge and discharge temperature, charge and discharge voltage, and charge and discharge current. We analyzed their impact on the expansion of lithium batteries. Finally, through the research results of various influencing factors, future methods and directions for controlling gas swelling of lithium batteries are explored, and more effective early warning suggestions are put forward for the early detection and early warning systems of lithium battery thermal runaway.

Key words: lithium battery, expansion, pressure deformation, early warning

中图分类号:

TM 911

梁浩斌, 杜建华, 郝鑫, 杨世治, 涂然, 张认成. 锂电池膨胀形成机制研究现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(2): 647-657.

Haobin LIANG, Jianhua DU, Xin HAO, Shizhi YANG, Ran TU, Rencheng ZHANG. A review of current research on the formation mechanism of lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(2): 647-657.

图/表 4

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