储能科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (9): 2933-2943.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0207

• 创刊十周年专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

美国先进电池领域发展态势及启示

史冬梅(), 邱俊, 王晶   

  1. 科学技术部高技术研究发展中心,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-15 修回日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-08-30
  • 通讯作者: 史冬梅 E-mail:shidm@htrdc.com
  • 作者简介:史冬梅(1964—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事科技管理,E-mail:shidm@htrdc.com

Development of advanced battery technologies and industries in the United States

Dongmei SHI(), Jun QIU, Jing WANG   

  1. High Technology Research and Development Center, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2022-04-15 Revised:2022-05-11 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-08-30
  • Contact: Dongmei SHI E-mail:shidm@htrdc.com

摘要:

先进电池被列为美国四大关键产品供应链之一,也是美国保持并提升经济竞争力、实现清洁能源转型的重要手段。近年来美国政府陆续出台政策,支持美国完整的先进电池产业链建设,并加大对科技的投入和创新平台建设,企业界也纷纷加大电池领域的投资力度。本工作介绍了美国政府近期出台的扶持先进电池技术和相关产业的政策,包括白宫发布《先进电池供应链安全百日评估报告》、拜登政府在《基础设施投资和就业法案》中设立电池相关条款,以及政府制定《美国锂电池2021—2030国家蓝图》和发布《储能大挑战路线图》等。分析了美国政府部门对电池创新的支持和相关创新平台建设,包括设立储能、电池、先进车辆等技术研发计划和专项。综述了在政策支持下,美国先进电池产业投资实施方案和发展动态,包括汽车企业加大电池产业投入、一批美国初创电池企业快速成长、电池供应链投资加大等。在此基础上,研究了美国先进电池技术和产业发展对我国电池领域发展带来的影响,并提出了我国应对挑战的政策建议。

关键词: 先进电池, 电池产业链, 科技计划, 科技政策

Abstract:

The United States (US) government has listed advanced batteries as one of the four key product supply chains to maintain and enhance its economic competitiveness and achieve the goal of a clean energy transition. Recently, it has issued successive policies to support the development of a complete advanced battery industry chain in the country, increased investment in science and technology, and the construction of innovation platforms. Furthermore, enterprises have also increased their investment in the battery field. Therefore, this study introduces the US government's recent policies to support advanced battery technology and related industries, including the White House's 100-day assessment report on the safety of advanced battery supply chain, the Biden administration's establishment of battery-related provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Job Act, the formulation of National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries 2021—2030, and the release of Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap. This study also analyzes how the US government supported battery innovation and the construction of innovation platforms, including the establishment of technology research and development projects, such as energy storage, batteries, and advanced vehicles. Additionally, it further summarizes the US investment implementation plan and development trends in the advanced battery industry under policy support, including the increased investment of automobile enterprises in the battery industry, rapid growth of some American start-up battery enterprises, and increased investment in the battery supply chain. Finally, the impact of US advanced battery technology and industrial development on China's battery industry development is also analyzed, and policy suggestions are proposed for China to tackle these challenges.

Key words: advanced battery, battery industry chain, science and technology plan, science and technology policy

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