浪涌电流冲击对圆柱型三元锂离子电芯的温升响应分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1059

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (4): 1574-1584.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1059

浪涌电流冲击对圆柱型三元锂离子电芯的温升响应分析

刘亚坤¹(), 沈思远¹, 雷文彦¹, 高嘉欣², 金登辉², 李雨珺¹, 罗栋煌¹, 郝伟¹, 梁正³

^1.上海交通大学电气工程系，电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室，上海 200240
^2.西安西电新能源有限公司，陕西西安 710075
^3.上海交通大学变革性分子前沿学科中心，上海 200240

收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-04-28 发布日期:2025-05-20
通讯作者: 刘亚坤 E-mail:liuyakunhv@163.com
作者简介:刘亚坤（1992—），男，副教授，博士生导师，主要研究雷电防护与试验技术，储能安全，E-mail：liuyakunhv@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52377152);工信部民机专项(MJZ5-2N22)

Temperature rise response of cylindrical lithium-ion cells to surge current

Yakun LIU¹(), Siyuan SHEN¹, Wenyan LEI¹, Jiaxin GAO², Denghui JIN², Yujun LI¹, Donghuang LUO¹, Wei HAO¹, Zheng LIANG³

^1.Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Department of Electrical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Xi'an XD New Energy CO. , LTD. , Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China
^3.Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China

Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2024-12-20 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: Yakun LIU E-mail:liuyakunhv@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能电化学电池在并网或混合系统中会受到因传导、感应等引发的过电流威胁，同时存在因器件故障等导致的浪涌电流冲击风险。对于锂离子电芯在浪涌电流冲击下的温升响应尚不清楚，为此，开展不同幅值下浪涌电流冲击三元锂离子电芯试验，进行多点同步和三维红外观测的高精度温升时序测量，分析电芯的动态温升响应特征。进一步建立电芯电热耦合有限元仿真模型，认识电芯内部温升特征。结果表明，波形8/20 μs，峰值分别为7.4 kA、10.6 kA、13.0 kA的浪涌电流冲击造成电芯表面温升为0.7 ℃、1.8 ℃、4.2 ℃，较高峰值(≥10.6 kA)的浪涌电流会导致电芯正极区域温度高于负极，隔膜的温升最低。

关键词: 浪涌电流, 温升响应, 锂离子电芯, 有限元模型

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries used for energy storage face significant risks. These include overcurrent induced by conduction and induction, and surge currents caused by device failures when integrated into the grid or hybrid systems. However, the temperature rise response of lithium-ion cells under surge current impulses remains poorly understood. This study investigates the temperature behavior of cylindrical ternary lithium-ion cells subjected to surge current impulses of varying amplitudes. Both typical multipoint temperature measurements and three-dimensional infrared observations were employed to analyze the dynamic temperature rise response of the cells. In addition, an electrochemical coupled finite element simulation model was developed to clarify the temperature rise characteristics of the cells. The results indicate that surge currents with waveforms of 8/20 μs and peak values of 7.4, 10.6, and 13.0 kA lead to temperature rises of 0.7 ℃, 1.8 ℃, and 4.2 ℃ at the cell surface, respectively. Notably, surge currents with higher peak values (≥10.6 kA) cause the cathode region to exhibit a higher temperature compared to the anode region, while the separator experiences the lowest temperature rise.

Key words: surge current, temperature rise response, lithium-ion cell, finite element model

中图分类号:

TM 86

刘亚坤, 沈思远, 雷文彦, 高嘉欣, 金登辉, 李雨珺, 罗栋煌, 郝伟, 梁正. 浪涌电流冲击对圆柱型三元锂离子电芯的温升响应分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1574-1584.

Yakun LIU, Siyuan SHEN, Wenyan LEI, Jiaxin GAO, Denghui JIN, Yujun LI, Donghuang LUO, Wei HAO, Zheng LIANG. Temperature rise response of cylindrical lithium-ion cells to surge current[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(4): 1574-1584.

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SOC	R_i/mΩ	R_sei/mΩ	C_sei/F	R_ct/mΩ	C_dl/F
0%	103.52	9.61	0.27	16.85	8.52
50%	113.75	3.67	0.96	2.52	15.50
100%	117.12	3.82	1.00	4.85	10.13

参数	数值	参数	数值
负极厚度/μm	300	电芯半径/mm	9
隔膜厚度/μm	60	电芯高度/mm	65
正极厚度/μm	300	电池体积/cm³	16.5
负极体积分数	0.62	正极体积分数	0.48
负极电解质体积分数	0.31	正极电解质体积分数	0.29
外壳厚度/mm	0.22	绝缘胶圈厚度/mm	0.5
极耳厚度/mm	0.1	绝缘垫片厚度/mm	0.1

电芯材料	电导率/(S/m)	热导率/[W/(m·K)]	恒压比热容/[J/(g·K)]
正极材料	50	5	1.0
负极材料	2000	100	1.0
含锂盐的电解液	1	0.5	2.5
隔膜	0.05	0.3	2.0

网格单元参数	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5
最大单元大小	0.653	1.310	2.410	3.460	4.370
最小单元大小	0.0013	0.0049	0.0082	0.0196	0.0196
最大单元增长率/%	1.10	1.20	1.25	1.30	1.30
曲率因子	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.30	0.30
T_{max_20 μs}/℃	2.79E4	2.78E4	2.78E4	2.79E4	2.79E4
T_{max_100 μs}/℃	687	693	706	685	685

浪涌电流冲击对圆柱型三元锂离子电芯的温升响应分析

Temperature rise response of cylindrical lithium-ion cells to surge current

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