不同力场下泡沫铜对相变材料传热及控温特性的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0220

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3301-3310.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0220

• 储能材料与器件 • 上一篇

不同力场下泡沫铜对相变材料传热及控温特性的影响

高启发¹(), 张楠¹(), 张兆利¹, 杜雁霞², 袁艳平¹

^1.西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川成都 610031
^2.中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天飞行空气动力科学与技术全国重点实验室，四川绵阳 621000

收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
通讯作者: 张楠 E-mail:qfgao98@163.com;zhangn09@swjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:高启发（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为相变储能、相变热管理，E-mail：qfgao98@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52006183);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(26822024GF021)

Influence of copper foam on the heat transfer and temperature control characteristics of phase change materials under different force fields

Qifa GAO¹(), Nan ZHANG¹(), Zhaoli ZHANG¹, Yanxia DU², Yanping YUAN¹

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China

Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-03-31 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
Contact: Nan ZHANG E-mail:qfgao98@163.com;zhangn09@swjtu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于相变材料(PCM)的潜热蓄热式冷却技术凭借高储能密度和无源控温特性，在航空航天热管理领域具有广阔应用前景。泡沫铜作为PCM常用的导热增强介质，在强化导热的同时会抑制PCM的自然对流。飞行器机动飞行引发的超重、失重及变加速度等复杂力场会与泡沫铜的对流抑制特性相互作用，导致其综合传热强化效应存在不确定性。本工作通过实验分析了不同力场工况下泡沫铜对PCM传热及控温性能的影响。研究结果表明，在正向力场中，泡沫铜的嵌入最高可使PCM熔化时间缩短62.5%，有效控温时长延长153.4%；而在负向力场中，泡沫铜的熔化促进效应随力场强度的增加呈衰减趋势，且复合相变材料(CPCM)后期温度均匀性和有效控温时长较纯PCM略微下降。值得注意的是，泡沫铜的加入可显著提升相变热控单元在复杂力场中的传热稳定性，CPCM在不同力场条件下的熔化时间波动幅度和控温时长波动幅度较纯PCM分别减小86.8%和52.6%。本文研究结果可为飞行器热管理系统在复杂力场条件下的相变材料优化设计提供有价值的理论参考。

关键词: 泡沫铜, 相变材料, 不同力场, 传热性能, 传热稳定性

Abstract:

Phase change material (PCM)-based latent heat storage cooling technology has broad applications in aerospace thermal management because of its high energy storage density and passive temperature regulation capability. Copper foam, which is commonly employed to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCMs, suppresses natural convection while improving heat transfer. Complex force fields, including hypergravity, microgravity, and variable acceleration induced by vehicle maneuvers, interact with this convection suppression and introduce uncertainties in the overall heat transfer enhancement effect. Herein, experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of copper foam on the heat transfer and temperature control performance of PCM under different force field conditions. The results indicated that under positive force fields, incorporating copper foam reduces the PCM melting time by up to 62.5% and extends the effective temperature control time by up to 153.4%. Under negative force fields, the melting enhancement effect of copper foam decreases as the force field intensity increases, and the temperature uniformity and late-stage effective temperature control time of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) slightly decrease compared with that of pure PCM. Notably, the addition of copper foam considerably improves the heat transfer stability of the phase change thermal control unit under complex force fields; the fluctuation amplitudes of the melting time and temperature control duration of CPCMs are reduced by 86.8% and 52.6%, respectively, compared with that of pure PCM. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for the optimal design of phase change materials in aerospace thermal management systems under complex force field conditions.

Key words: copper foam, phase change materials, different force fields, heat transfer performance, heat transfer stability

中图分类号:

TK 11

高启发, 张楠, 张兆利, 杜雁霞, 袁艳平. 不同力场下泡沫铜对相变材料传热及控温特性的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3301-3310.

Qifa GAO, Nan ZHANG, Zhaoli ZHANG, Yanxia DU, Yanping YUAN. Influence of copper foam on the heat transfer and temperature control characteristics of phase change materials under different force fields[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3301-3310.

图/表 12

表 1

图 1

图2

图3

图 4

表 2

图 5

图 6

图7

图8

图9

表 3

参考文献 28

[1]	FU T W, WANG W Z, FANG G Y. Thermal properties and applications of form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage and thermal management: A review[J]. Energy Storage, 2024, 6(1): e533. DOI: 10.1002/est2.533.
[2]	KHAN J, SINGH P. Review on phase change materials for spacecraft avionics thermal management[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 87: 111369. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.111369.
[3]	杨小虎, 陈凯, 柯汉兵, 等. 变加速度对低熔点金属相变传热特性的影响[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(12): 143-148. DOI: 10.13245/j.hust.221218.
	YANG X H, CHEN K, KE H B, et al. Investigation on influence of variant acceleration on phase change heat transfer characteristics of low melting point metal[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(12): 143-148. DOI: 10.13245/j.hust.221218.
[4]	WANG J L, LI T, XU Y. Thermal characteristics of latent heat sinks based on low melting point metal and topologically optimized fins under lateral hypergravity[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 228: 120569. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120569.
[5]	XU Y, WANG J L, YAN Z H. Experimental investigation on melting heat transfer characteristics of a phase change material under hypergravity[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 181: 122004. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122004.
[6]	LIU H, ZHANG N, ZHANG Z L, et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of external forces on convection-driven melting of phase change material in a rectangular enclosure[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 199: 123489. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123489.
[7]	SONG Z L, WANG J, SHAO Z Y, et al. Performance optimization of thermal storage device based on bionic tree-shaped fins and eccentric arrangement[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 157: 107774. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107774.
[8]	罗意彬, 段文超, 严景好, 等. 双翅片矩形相变储能单元蓄热性能实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(2): 405-415. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0627.
	LUO Y B, DUAN W C, YAN J H, et al. Experimental study on heat storage performance of a double-fin rectangular phase change energy storage unit[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(2): 405-415. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0627.
[9]	CHOURE B K, ALAM T, KUMAR R. Optimization of heat transfer in PCM based triple tube heat exchanger using multitudinous fins and eccentric tube[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 102: 113981. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113981.
[10]	SHAILESH K, NARESH Y, BANERJEE J. Heat transfer performance of a novel PCM based heat sink coupled with heat pipe: An experimental study[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 229: 120552. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120552.
[11]	HEMMATIAN A, KARGARSHARIFABAD H, ABEDINI ESFAHLANI A, et al. Improving solar still performance with heat pipe/pulsating heat pipe evacuated tube solar collectors and PCM: An experimental and environmental analysis[J]. Solar Energy, 2024, 269: 112371. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112371.
[12]	LI B, MAO Z Y, SONG B W, et al. Enhancement of phase change materials by nanoparticles to improve battery thermal management for autonomous underwater vehicles[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 137: 106301. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106301.
[13]	HASHEM ZADEH S M, MEHRYAN S A M, GHALAMBAZ M, et al. Hybrid thermal performance enhancement of a circular latent heat storage system by utilizing partially filled copper foam and Cu/GO nano-additives[J]. Energy, 2020, 213: 118761. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118761.
[14]	AFAYNOU I, FARAJI H, CHOUKAIRY K, et al. Heat transfer improvement of phase change materials by metal foams and nanoparticles for efficient electronic thermal management: A comprehensive study[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 227: 125534. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer. 2024.125534.
[15]	ÖZTÜRK B, GÖLBAŞı Z, YAZıCı M Y. Experimental investigation of the melting performance of a low porosity metal foam/PCM composite heat sink in various configurations[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 149: 107169. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2023.107169.
[16]	代建龙, 李果, 曹一通, 等. 多孔金属泡沫强化石蜡相变蓄热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(11): 3764-3771. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki. 2095-4239.2024.0449.
	DAI J L, LI G, CAO Y T, et al. Enhancing phase change heat storage performance of paraffin using porous metal foam[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(11): 3764-3771. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0449.
[17]	AFAYNOU I, FARAJI H, CHOUKAIRY K, et al. Effectiveness of a PCM-based heat sink with partially filled metal foam for thermal management of electronics[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 235: 126196. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer. 2024.126196.
[18]	SHI J, DU H Y, CHEN Z Q, et al. Review of phase change heat transfer enhancement by metal foam[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 219: 119427. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng. 2022.119427.
[19]	SHANG B F, HU J Y, HU R, et al. Modularized thermal storage unit of metal foam/paraffin composite[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 125: 596-603. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.04.117.
[20]	CUI H T. Experimental investigation on the heat charging process by paraffin filled with high porosity copper foam[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 39: 26-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.01.037.
[21]	杨佳霖, 杜小泽, 杨立军, 等. 泡沫金属强化石蜡相变蓄热过程可视化实验[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(2): 497-503. DOI: 10.11949/j.issn. 0438-1157.20141182.
	YANG J L, DU X Z, YANG L J, et al. Visualized experiment on dynamic thermal behavior of phase change material in metal foam[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(2): 497-503. DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20141182.
[22]	MESALHY O, LAFDI K, ELGAFY A, et al. Numerical study for enhancing the thermal conductivity of phase change material (PCM) storage using high thermal conductivity porous matrix[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005, 46(6): 847-867. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.06.010.
[23]	CHEN Z Q, GAO D Y, SHI J. Experimental and numerical study on melting of phase change materials in metal foams at pore scale[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 72: 646-655. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.01.003.
[24]	KAMKARI B, SHOKOUHMAND H, BRUNO F. Experimental investigation of the effect of inclination angle on convection-driven melting of phase change material in a rectangular enclosure[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 72: 186-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.01.014.
[25]	KAMKARI B, GROULX D. Experimental investigation of melting behaviour of phase change material in finned rectangular enclosures under different inclination angles[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 97: 94-108. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.04.007.
[26]	ZOU J L, ZUO Y G, LIU Z J, et al. Employing perforated copper foam to improve the thermal performance of latent thermal energy storage units[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2023, 72: 108616. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108616.
[27]	YANG X H, WANG X Y, LIU Z, et al. Thermal performance assessment of a thermal energy storage tank: Effect of aspect ratio and tilted angle[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, 45(7): 11157-11178. DOI: 10.1002/er.6598.
[28]	钮冬科, 金晓怡, 张向伟, 等. 基于Flotherm的电子电路热仿真分析与研究[J]. 现代电子技术, 2015, 38(6): 16-19, 24. DOI: 10.16652/j.issn.1004-373x.2015.06.016.
	NIU D K, JIN X Y, ZHANG X W, et al. Thermal simulation analysis for electronic circuit on flotherm[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2015, 38(6): 16-19, 24. DOI: 10.16652/j.issn.1004-373x.2015.06.016.

材料	物性参数	数值
泡沫铜	密度/(kg/m³)	8979
	比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	381
	热导率/[W/(m·℃)]	401
石蜡	密度/(kg/m³)	850
	比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]	2000
	相变潜热/(J/kg)	179700
	相变区间/℃	39～50

外力条件	熔化增强比/%
-5g	2.8
-3g	10
-1g	21.6
0g	46.7
1g	57.1
3g	62.5
5g	61.8

相变材料	外力条件
相变材料	-5g	-3g	-1g	1g	3g	5g
PCM有效控温时间/s	2330	2280	1270	950	620	580
CPCM有效控温时间/s	2300	2260	2160	1790	1530	1470

不同力场下泡沫铜对相变材料传热及控温特性的影响

Influence of copper foam on the heat transfer and temperature control characteristics of phase change materials under different force fields

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 28

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	袁艳平, 高启发, 张楠, 孙钦荣. 非均匀泡沫铜强化相变材料蓄热特性的数值分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(8): 3100-3109.
[2]	刘涛涛, 张少朋, 王艺斐, 林曦鹏. 有机多孔定形复合相变储热材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2635-2653.
[3]	孟凡康, 彭栋坤, 蔡鹏. 严寒地区相变日光温室蓄放热性能模拟研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(6): 2532-2539.
[4]	李一鸣, 严景好, 席丽娜, 孙晓兵, 刘鸣皋, 李杰, 孙小琴. 基于高孔隙率泡沫金属的偏心管式复合相变储热单元储热性能数值模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1931-1942.
[5]	杨斌, 于祥京, 郑洋, 杨世轩, 杨启容, 乔大梁, 孙杨, 李友平. 管壳式相变储能换热器翅片优化模拟分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1394-1412.
[6]	黄喆, 于志明, 卿召进, 张兆利. 旋转热边界下球形蓄热单元内PW/SEBS/EG复合相变材料的传热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(4): 1413-1423.
[7]	全瑞星, 缪文晶, 袁长顺, 程广贵, 赵彦琦. 聚乙二醇基定型复合相变材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1010-1025.
[8]	张新宇, 罗声豪, 吴颖欣, 刘针莹, 张立志, 凌子夜. 复合相变材料用于锂离子电池热管理和热失控防护研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1040-1053.
[9]	陈艳, 黎子琦, 陈南豪, 张一弛, 吴晓鸿, 陈大柱. 聚乙二醇基聚合物固固相变材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(1): 124-139.
[10]	刘云汉, 王亮, 张双, 林曦鹏, 葛志伟, 白亚开, 林霖, 王艺斐, 陈海生. 基于圆柱封装单元的水合盐相变储热填充床的储释特性实验研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2623-2633.
[11]	葛群, 梁涛, 侯彬, 王万红, 张龙, 吴梁玉, 张程宾, 刘向东. 植物工厂储热装置性能强化研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(8): 2687-2695.
[12]	刘松燕, 王卫良, 彭世亮, 吕俊复. 兼顾高/低温环境性能的动力电池热管理系统设计[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(7): 2181-2191.
[13]	赵晨阳, 于晓琨, 陶于兵. 改性氧化铜/正十八烷复合相变材料制备及性能表征研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1786-1793.
[14]	张云峰, 张学文, 钟威, 蒋杜伟, 陈泽伟, 张杰. 石蜡与低熔点合金双级联相变材料强化板翅式散热器换热性能的数值模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1460-1470.
[15]	许荣玉, 陆海涛, 郭荷渡, 汤占赟, 李琦, 吴玉庭. 低熔点四元硝酸盐基定型复合相变材料的制备与研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(5): 1451-1459.