基于电化学热耦合模型的富镍锂离子电池产热分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池在工作过程中产生的热效应会影响其温度和电化学性能，并极大地影响电池的安全性和使用寿命。分析电池在放电过程的热特性变化规律及产热机制，评估电池内部不同性质的产热对温度变化的相互作用，对于电池热管理系统的设计起到至关重要的作用。因此，本工作以富镍三元锂离子电池为研究对象，建立了基于动态参数响应的电化学热耦合模型，在0 ℃和40 ℃环境温度下分别进行了0.3 C、1 C放电与温升实验验证，验证结果表明耦合模型具有较好的精确性和可靠性，能够准确地分析电池热特性。基于验证后的模型，研究了富镍锂离子电池在不同放电倍率、环境温度、换热环境下的温升特性，并进一步分析了电池内部生热机理及发热特性。结果表明：放电倍率的增大使得电池的总产热量迅速增大，同时加剧了电池内部的温度不均匀性，正负极熵热系数较大的差异性使得正极区域产热较大而负极产热较为平缓。研究结果能够为锂离子电池的热性能评估和电池组的热管理系统设计提供一定的指导意义。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 富镍三元锂, 电化学热耦合, 温升特性, 产热分析

Abstract:

The thermal effect of lithium-ion battery on the working process will affect its temperature and electrochemical performance and its safety and service life. For the design of battery thermal management systems, the change rule of thermal characteristics and heat generation mechanism of batteries in the process of discharge must be analyzed and the interaction of different properties of heat generation inside the battery under the temperature change be evaluated. Therefore, in this paper, an electrochemical thermal coupling model based on dynamic parameter response is established for nickel-rich ternary lithium-ion battery. The 0.3 and 1 C discharge and temperature rise experiments are conducted at 0°C and 40°C, respectively. The verification results showed that the coupling model has good accuracy and reliability and can accurately analyze the thermal characteristics of the battery. Based on the verified model, the temperature rise characteristics of Ni-rich Li-ion batteries under different discharge rates, ambient temperatures, and heat exchange environments are studied, and the internal heat generation mechanism and heating characteristics of the battery are further analyzed. The results revealed that the total heat production of the battery increases rapidly with the increase in the discharge rate, and the internal temperature inhomogeneity of the battery is aggravated. The large difference of the entropy heat coefficient between the positive and negative electrodes increases the heat production of the positive-electrode region and makes that of the negative electrode gentler. The research results can provide guidance for the thermal performance evaluation of lithium-ion battery and the design of the thermal management system of battery packs.

Key words: lithium ion battery, nickel rich lithium ternary, electrochemical thermal coupling, temperature rise characteristics, heat production analysis

中图分类号:

TM 912

李夔宁, 谢运成, 谢翌, 白庆华, 郑锦涛. 基于电化学热耦合模型的富镍锂离子电池产热分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(3): 1153-1162.

Kuining LI, Yuncheng XIE, Yi XIE, Qinghua BAI, Jintao ZHENG. Analysis of heat production of nickel-rich lithium-ion battery based on electrochemical thermal coupling model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1153-1162.

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符号	参数名称	单位	铜箔	负极	隔膜	正极	铝箔
L	电极厚度	μm	10	73	13	61	16
R	粒子半径	μm	—	9.93	—	6.32	—
Cs_max	最大固相锂离子浓度	mol/m³	—	48396	—	31389	—
Cs₀	初始浓度	mol/m³	—	18990	1200	17277	—
SOC_max	最大荷电状态	1	—	0.785	—	0.955	—
SOC_min	最小荷电状态	1	—	0.01	—	0.415	—
ε_s	固相体积分数	1	—	0.65	—	0.547	—
ε_e	液相体积分数	1	—	0.23	0.5307	0.332	—
σ	固相电导率	S/m	—	100	—	3.8	—
κ	液相电导率	S/m	—	—	式(1)	—	—
t⁺	锂离子迁移数	1	—	—	0.363	—	—
α	电荷传递系数	1	—	0.5	—	0.5	—
D_s	固相扩散系数	m²/s	—	式（3）	—	式(2)	—
D_e	液相扩散系数	m²/s	—	—	式(4)	—	—
k	电极反应常数	m/s	—	2e^-11	—	5e^-10	—
R	摩尔气体常数	J/(mol·K)	8.3145
F	法拉第常数	C/mol	95485
T_ref	参考温度	K	298.15

符号	参数名称	单位	值
ρ_bat	电池平均密度	kg/m³	2419.7
C_p	电池平均比热容	J/(kg·K)	1412
λ_x	x方向导热系数	W/(m·K)	23.4
λ_y	y方向导热系数	W/(m·K)	5.3
λ_z	z方向导热系数	W/(m·K)	17.2
h	综合对流换热系数	W/(m²·K)	20
T_amb	环境温度	K	293.15

测试步骤	测试内容
1	设置恒温箱温度为0 °C，搁置10 min
2	1 C恒流放电到截止电压2.75 V
3	搁置10 min
4	恒流充电到截止电压4.25 V
5	恒压充电至电流降为2.5 A
6	搁置1 h
7	0.3 C恒流放电到截止电压2.75 V，并记录放电与温升数据
8	保持恒温箱温度为0 °C，更改放电倍率为1 C，重复以上步骤
9	设置恒温箱温度为40 °C，重复以上实验步骤分别进行 0.3 C、1 C放电并记录放电与温升数据。

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